MemoryStream.cs source code in C# .NET

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Code:

/ 4.0 / 4.0 / DEVDIV_TFS / Dev10 / Releases / RTMRel / ndp / clr / src / BCL / System / IO / MemoryStream.cs / 1305376 / MemoryStream.cs

                            // ==++== 
//
//   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//
// ==--== 
/*============================================================
** 
** Class:  MemoryStream 
**
** [....] 
**
**
** Purpose: A Stream whose backing store is memory.  Great
** for temporary storage without creating a temp file.  Also 
** lets users expose a byte[] as a stream.
** 
** 
===========================================================*/
 
using System;
using System.Runtime;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts; 

namespace System.IO { 
    // A MemoryStream represents a Stream in memory (ie, it has no backing store). 
    // This stream may reduce the need for temporary buffers and files in
    // an application. 
    //
    // There are two ways to create a MemoryStream.  You can initialize one
    // from an unsigned byte array, or you can create an empty one.  Empty
    // memory streams are resizable, while ones created with a byte array provide 
    // a stream "view" of the data.
    [Serializable] 
    [ComVisible(true)] 
    public class MemoryStream : Stream
    { 
        private byte[] _buffer;    // Either allocated internally or externally.
        private int _origin;       // For user-provided arrays, start at this origin
        private int _position;     // read/write head.
        [ContractPublicPropertyName("Length")] 
        private int _length;       // Number of bytes within the memory stream
        private int _capacity;     // length of usable portion of buffer for stream 
        // Note that _capacity == _buffer.Length for non-user-provided byte[]'s 

        private bool _expandable;  // User-provided buffers aren't expandable. 
        private bool _writable;    // Can user write to this stream?
        private bool _exposable;   // Whether the array can be returned to the user.
        private bool _isOpen;      // Is this stream open or closed?
 
        // <
 
        private const int MemStreamMaxLength = Int32.MaxValue; 

        public MemoryStream() 
            : this(0) {
        }

        public MemoryStream(int capacity) { 
            if (capacity < 0) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("capacity", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NegativeCapacity")); 
            } 
            Contract.EndContractBlock();
 
            _buffer = new byte[capacity];
            _capacity = capacity;
            _expandable = true;
            _writable = true; 
            _exposable = true;
            _origin = 0;      // Must be 0 for byte[]'s created by MemoryStream 
            _isOpen = true; 
        }
 
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer) 
            : this(buffer, true) {
        } 
 
        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer, bool writable) {
            if (buffer == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer")); 
            Contract.EndContractBlock();
            _buffer = buffer;
            _length = _capacity = buffer.Length;
            _writable = writable; 
            _exposable = false;
            _origin = 0; 
            _isOpen = true; 
        }
 
        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer, int index, int count)
            : this(buffer, index, count, true, false) {
        }
 
        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer, int index, int count, bool writable)
            : this(buffer, index, count, writable, false) { 
        } 

        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer, int index, int count, bool writable, bool publiclyVisible) { 
            if (buffer==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer"));
            if (index < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (count < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (buffer.Length - index < count) 
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidOffLen"));
            Contract.EndContractBlock(); 

            _buffer = buffer;
            _origin = _position = index;
            _length = _capacity = index + count; 
            _writable = writable;
            _exposable = publiclyVisible;  // Can GetBuffer return the array? 
            _expandable = false; 
            _isOpen = true;
        } 

        public override bool CanRead {
            [Pure]
            get { return _isOpen; } 
        }
 
        public override bool CanSeek { 
            [Pure]
            get { return _isOpen; } 
        }

        public override bool CanWrite {
            [Pure] 
            get { return _writable; }
        } 
 
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        { 
            try {
                if (disposing) {
                    _isOpen = false;
                    _writable = false; 
                    _expandable = false;
                    // Don't set buffer to null - allow GetBuffer & ToArray to work. 
                } 
            }
            finally { 
                // Call base.Close() to cleanup async IO resources
                base.Dispose(disposing);
            }
        } 

        // returns a bool saying whether we allocated a new array. 
        private bool EnsureCapacity(int value) { 
            // Check for overflow
            if (value < 0) 
                throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_StreamTooLong"));
            if (value > _capacity) {
                int newCapacity = value;
                if (newCapacity < 256) 
                    newCapacity = 256;
                if (newCapacity < _capacity * 2) 
                    newCapacity = _capacity * 2; 
                Capacity = newCapacity;
                return true; 
            }
            return false;
        }
 
        public override void Flush() {
        } 
 
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")] 
#endif
        public virtual byte[] GetBuffer() {
            if (!_exposable)
                throw new UnauthorizedAccessException(Environment.GetResourceString("UnauthorizedAccess_MemStreamBuffer")); 
            return _buffer;
        } 
 
        // -------------- PERF: Internal functions for fast direct access of MemoryStream buffer (cf. BinaryReader for usage) ---------------
 
        // PERF: Internal sibling of GetBuffer, always returns a buffer (cf. GetBuffer())
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif 
        internal byte[] InternalGetBuffer() {
            return _buffer; 
        } 

        // PERF: Get origin and length - used in ResourceWriter. 
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
#if false 
        private void TrimSrcHack() {}    // workaround to avoid unclosed "#if !FEATURE_CORECLR"
#endif 
        internal void InternalGetOriginAndLength(out int origin, out int length) 
        {
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed(); 
            origin = _origin;
            length = _length;
        }
 
        // PERF: True cursor position, we don't need _origin for direct access
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR 
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")] 
#endif
        internal int InternalGetPosition() { 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
            return _position;
        }
 
        // PERF: Takes out Int32 as fast as possible
        internal int InternalReadInt32() { 
           if (!_isOpen) 
               __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
           int pos = (_position += 4); // use temp to avoid ----
           if (pos > _length)
           {
               _position = _length; 
               __Error.EndOfFile();
           } 
           return (int)(_buffer[pos-4] | _buffer[pos-3] << 8 | _buffer[pos-2] << 16 | _buffer[pos-1] << 24); 
        }
 
        // PERF: Get actual length of bytes available for read; do sanity checks; shift position - i.e. everything except actual copying bytes
        internal int InternalEmulateRead(int count) {
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
            int n = _length - _position;
            if (n > count) n = count; 
            if (n < 0) n = 0; 

            Contract.Assert(_position + n >= 0, "_position + n >= 0");  // len is less than 2^31 -1. 
            _position += n;
            return n;
        }
 
        // Gets & sets the capacity (number of bytes allocated) for this stream.
        // The capacity cannot be set to a value less than the current length 
        // of the stream. 
        //
        public virtual int Capacity { 
            get {
                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
                return _capacity - _origin;
            } 
            [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical]  // auto-generated
            set { 
                // Only update the capacity if the MS is expandable and the value is different than the current capacity. 
                // Special behavior if the MS isn't expandable: we don't throw if value is the same as the current capacity
                if (value < Length) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_SmallCapacity")); 
                Contract.Ensures(_capacity - _origin == value);
                Contract.EndContractBlock();

                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed(); 
                if (!_expandable && (value != Capacity)) __Error.MemoryStreamNotExpandable();
 
                // MemoryStream has this invariant: _origin > 0 => !expandable (see ctors) 
                if (_expandable && value != _capacity) {
                    if (value > 0) { 
                        byte[] newBuffer = new byte[value];
                        if (_length > 0) Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(_buffer, 0, newBuffer, 0, _length);
                        _buffer = newBuffer;
                    } 
                    else {
                        _buffer = null; 
                    } 
                    _capacity = value;
                } 
            }
        }

        public override long Length { 
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
            [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")] 
#endif 
            get {
                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed(); 
                return _length - _origin;
            }
        }
 
        public override long Position {
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR 
            [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")] 
#endif
            get { 
                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
                return _position - _origin;
            }
            set { 
                if (value < 0)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
                Contract.Ensures(Position == value); 
                Contract.EndContractBlock();
 
                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();

                if (value > MemStreamMaxLength)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_StreamLength")); 
                _position = _origin + (int)value;
            } 
        } 

        [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical]  // auto-generated 
        public override int Read([In, Out] byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) {
            if (buffer==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer"));
            if (offset < 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum"));
            if (count < 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (buffer.Length - offset < count)
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidOffLen")); 
            Contract.EndContractBlock();

            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
            int n = _length - _position;
            if (n > count) n = count; 
            if (n <= 0) 
                return 0;
 
            Contract.Assert(_position + n >= 0, "_position + n >= 0");  // len is less than 2^31 -1.

            if (n <= 8)
            { 
                int byteCount = n;
                while (--byteCount >= 0) 
                    buffer[offset + byteCount] = _buffer[_position + byteCount]; 
            }
            else 
                Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(_buffer, _position, buffer, offset, n);
            _position += n;

            return n; 
        }
 
        public override int ReadByte() { 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
            if (_position >= _length) return -1;

            return _buffer[_position++];
        } 

 
        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin loc) { 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
            if (offset > MemStreamMaxLength)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_StreamLength"));
            switch(loc) {
            case SeekOrigin.Begin: { 
                int tempPosition = unchecked(_origin + (int)offset);
                if (offset < 0 || tempPosition < _origin) 
                    throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_SeekBeforeBegin")); 
                _position = tempPosition;
                break; 
            }
            case SeekOrigin.Current: {
                int tempPosition = unchecked(_position + (int)offset);
                if (unchecked(_position + offset) < _origin || tempPosition < _origin) 
                    throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_SeekBeforeBegin"));
                _position = tempPosition; 
                break; 
            }
            case SeekOrigin.End: { 
                int tempPosition = unchecked(_length + (int)offset);
                if ( unchecked(_length + offset) < _origin || tempPosition < _origin )
                    throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_SeekBeforeBegin"));
                _position = tempPosition; 
                break;
            } 
            default: 
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidSeekOrigin"));
            } 

            Contract.Assert(_position >= 0, "_position >= 0");
            return _position;
        } 

        // Sets the length of the stream to a given value.  The new 
        // value must be nonnegative and less than the space remaining in 
        // the array, Int32.MaxValue - origin
        // Origin is 0 in all cases other than a MemoryStream created on 
        // top of an existing array and a specific starting offset was passed
        // into the MemoryStream constructor.  The upper bounds prevents any
        // situations where a stream may be created on top of an array then
        // the stream is made longer than the maximum possible length of the 
        // array (Int32.MaxValue).
        // 
        public override void SetLength(long value) { 
            if (value < 0 || value > Int32.MaxValue) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_StreamLength")); 
            }
            Contract.Ensures(_length - _origin == value);
            Contract.EndContractBlock();
            if (!CanWrite) __Error.WriteNotSupported(); 

            // Origin wasn't publicly exposed above. 
            Contract.Assert(MemStreamMaxLength == Int32.MaxValue);  // Check parameter validation logic in this method if this fails. 
            if (value > (Int32.MaxValue - _origin)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_StreamLength")); 
            }

            int newLength = _origin + (int)value;
            bool allocatedNewArray = EnsureCapacity(newLength); 
            if (!allocatedNewArray && newLength > _length)
                Array.Clear(_buffer, _length, newLength - _length); 
            _length = newLength; 
            if (_position > newLength) _position = newLength;
 
        }

        [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical]  // auto-generated
        public virtual byte[] ToArray() { 
            BCLDebug.Perf(_exposable, "MemoryStream::GetBuffer will let you avoid a copy.");
            byte[] copy = new byte[_length - _origin]; 
            Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(_buffer, _origin, copy, 0, _length - _origin); 
            return copy;
        } 

        [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical]  // auto-generated
        public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) {
            if (buffer==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer"));
            if (offset < 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (count < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (buffer.Length - offset < count)
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidOffLen"));
            Contract.EndContractBlock();
 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
            if (!CanWrite) __Error.WriteNotSupported(); 
 
            int i = _position + count;
            // Check for overflow 
            if (i < 0)
                throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_StreamTooLong"));

            if (i > _length) { 
                bool mustZero = _position > _length;
                if (i > _capacity) { 
                    bool allocatedNewArray = EnsureCapacity(i); 
                    if (allocatedNewArray)
                        mustZero = false; 
                }
                if (mustZero)
                    Array.Clear(_buffer, _length, i - _length);
                _length = i; 
            }
            if ((count <= 8) && (buffer != _buffer)) 
            { 
                int byteCount = count;
                while (--byteCount >= 0) 
                    _buffer[_position + byteCount] = buffer[offset + byteCount];
            }
            else
                Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(buffer, offset, _buffer, _position, count); 
            _position = i;
 
        } 

        public override void WriteByte(byte value) { 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
            if (!CanWrite) __Error.WriteNotSupported();

            if (_position >= _length) { 
                int newLength = _position + 1;
                bool mustZero = _position > _length; 
                if (newLength >= _capacity) { 
                    bool allocatedNewArray = EnsureCapacity(newLength);
                    if (allocatedNewArray) 
                        mustZero = false;
                }
                if (mustZero)
                    Array.Clear(_buffer, _length, _position - _length); 
                _length = newLength;
            } 
            _buffer[_position++] = value; 

        } 

        // Writes this MemoryStream to another stream.
        public virtual void WriteTo(Stream stream) {
            if (stream==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("stream", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Stream"));
            Contract.EndContractBlock(); 
 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
            stream.Write(_buffer, _origin, _length - _origin); 
        }

        [ContractInvariantMethod]
        protected override void ObjectInvariant() { 
            // no call to base ObjectInvariant required
            Contract.Invariant(_origin >= 0); 
            Contract.Invariant(_origin <= _position); 
            Contract.Invariant(_length <= _capacity);
            // equivalent to _origin > 0 => !expandable, and using fact that _origin is non-negative. 
            Contract.Invariant(_origin == 0 || !_expandable);
        }
    }
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.
// ==++== 
//
//   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//
// ==--== 
/*============================================================
** 
** Class:  MemoryStream 
**
** [....] 
**
**
** Purpose: A Stream whose backing store is memory.  Great
** for temporary storage without creating a temp file.  Also 
** lets users expose a byte[] as a stream.
** 
** 
===========================================================*/
 
using System;
using System.Runtime;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts; 

namespace System.IO { 
    // A MemoryStream represents a Stream in memory (ie, it has no backing store). 
    // This stream may reduce the need for temporary buffers and files in
    // an application. 
    //
    // There are two ways to create a MemoryStream.  You can initialize one
    // from an unsigned byte array, or you can create an empty one.  Empty
    // memory streams are resizable, while ones created with a byte array provide 
    // a stream "view" of the data.
    [Serializable] 
    [ComVisible(true)] 
    public class MemoryStream : Stream
    { 
        private byte[] _buffer;    // Either allocated internally or externally.
        private int _origin;       // For user-provided arrays, start at this origin
        private int _position;     // read/write head.
        [ContractPublicPropertyName("Length")] 
        private int _length;       // Number of bytes within the memory stream
        private int _capacity;     // length of usable portion of buffer for stream 
        // Note that _capacity == _buffer.Length for non-user-provided byte[]'s 

        private bool _expandable;  // User-provided buffers aren't expandable. 
        private bool _writable;    // Can user write to this stream?
        private bool _exposable;   // Whether the array can be returned to the user.
        private bool _isOpen;      // Is this stream open or closed?
 
        // <
 
        private const int MemStreamMaxLength = Int32.MaxValue; 

        public MemoryStream() 
            : this(0) {
        }

        public MemoryStream(int capacity) { 
            if (capacity < 0) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("capacity", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NegativeCapacity")); 
            } 
            Contract.EndContractBlock();
 
            _buffer = new byte[capacity];
            _capacity = capacity;
            _expandable = true;
            _writable = true; 
            _exposable = true;
            _origin = 0;      // Must be 0 for byte[]'s created by MemoryStream 
            _isOpen = true; 
        }
 
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer) 
            : this(buffer, true) {
        } 
 
        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer, bool writable) {
            if (buffer == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer")); 
            Contract.EndContractBlock();
            _buffer = buffer;
            _length = _capacity = buffer.Length;
            _writable = writable; 
            _exposable = false;
            _origin = 0; 
            _isOpen = true; 
        }
 
        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer, int index, int count)
            : this(buffer, index, count, true, false) {
        }
 
        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer, int index, int count, bool writable)
            : this(buffer, index, count, writable, false) { 
        } 

        public MemoryStream(byte[] buffer, int index, int count, bool writable, bool publiclyVisible) { 
            if (buffer==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer"));
            if (index < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (count < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (buffer.Length - index < count) 
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidOffLen"));
            Contract.EndContractBlock(); 

            _buffer = buffer;
            _origin = _position = index;
            _length = _capacity = index + count; 
            _writable = writable;
            _exposable = publiclyVisible;  // Can GetBuffer return the array? 
            _expandable = false; 
            _isOpen = true;
        } 

        public override bool CanRead {
            [Pure]
            get { return _isOpen; } 
        }
 
        public override bool CanSeek { 
            [Pure]
            get { return _isOpen; } 
        }

        public override bool CanWrite {
            [Pure] 
            get { return _writable; }
        } 
 
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        { 
            try {
                if (disposing) {
                    _isOpen = false;
                    _writable = false; 
                    _expandable = false;
                    // Don't set buffer to null - allow GetBuffer & ToArray to work. 
                } 
            }
            finally { 
                // Call base.Close() to cleanup async IO resources
                base.Dispose(disposing);
            }
        } 

        // returns a bool saying whether we allocated a new array. 
        private bool EnsureCapacity(int value) { 
            // Check for overflow
            if (value < 0) 
                throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_StreamTooLong"));
            if (value > _capacity) {
                int newCapacity = value;
                if (newCapacity < 256) 
                    newCapacity = 256;
                if (newCapacity < _capacity * 2) 
                    newCapacity = _capacity * 2; 
                Capacity = newCapacity;
                return true; 
            }
            return false;
        }
 
        public override void Flush() {
        } 
 
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")] 
#endif
        public virtual byte[] GetBuffer() {
            if (!_exposable)
                throw new UnauthorizedAccessException(Environment.GetResourceString("UnauthorizedAccess_MemStreamBuffer")); 
            return _buffer;
        } 
 
        // -------------- PERF: Internal functions for fast direct access of MemoryStream buffer (cf. BinaryReader for usage) ---------------
 
        // PERF: Internal sibling of GetBuffer, always returns a buffer (cf. GetBuffer())
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif 
        internal byte[] InternalGetBuffer() {
            return _buffer; 
        } 

        // PERF: Get origin and length - used in ResourceWriter. 
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
#if false 
        private void TrimSrcHack() {}    // workaround to avoid unclosed "#if !FEATURE_CORECLR"
#endif 
        internal void InternalGetOriginAndLength(out int origin, out int length) 
        {
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed(); 
            origin = _origin;
            length = _length;
        }
 
        // PERF: True cursor position, we don't need _origin for direct access
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR 
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")] 
#endif
        internal int InternalGetPosition() { 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
            return _position;
        }
 
        // PERF: Takes out Int32 as fast as possible
        internal int InternalReadInt32() { 
           if (!_isOpen) 
               __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
           int pos = (_position += 4); // use temp to avoid ----
           if (pos > _length)
           {
               _position = _length; 
               __Error.EndOfFile();
           } 
           return (int)(_buffer[pos-4] | _buffer[pos-3] << 8 | _buffer[pos-2] << 16 | _buffer[pos-1] << 24); 
        }
 
        // PERF: Get actual length of bytes available for read; do sanity checks; shift position - i.e. everything except actual copying bytes
        internal int InternalEmulateRead(int count) {
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
            int n = _length - _position;
            if (n > count) n = count; 
            if (n < 0) n = 0; 

            Contract.Assert(_position + n >= 0, "_position + n >= 0");  // len is less than 2^31 -1. 
            _position += n;
            return n;
        }
 
        // Gets & sets the capacity (number of bytes allocated) for this stream.
        // The capacity cannot be set to a value less than the current length 
        // of the stream. 
        //
        public virtual int Capacity { 
            get {
                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
                return _capacity - _origin;
            } 
            [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical]  // auto-generated
            set { 
                // Only update the capacity if the MS is expandable and the value is different than the current capacity. 
                // Special behavior if the MS isn't expandable: we don't throw if value is the same as the current capacity
                if (value < Length) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_SmallCapacity")); 
                Contract.Ensures(_capacity - _origin == value);
                Contract.EndContractBlock();

                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed(); 
                if (!_expandable && (value != Capacity)) __Error.MemoryStreamNotExpandable();
 
                // MemoryStream has this invariant: _origin > 0 => !expandable (see ctors) 
                if (_expandable && value != _capacity) {
                    if (value > 0) { 
                        byte[] newBuffer = new byte[value];
                        if (_length > 0) Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(_buffer, 0, newBuffer, 0, _length);
                        _buffer = newBuffer;
                    } 
                    else {
                        _buffer = null; 
                    } 
                    _capacity = value;
                } 
            }
        }

        public override long Length { 
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
            [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")] 
#endif 
            get {
                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed(); 
                return _length - _origin;
            }
        }
 
        public override long Position {
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR 
            [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")] 
#endif
            get { 
                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
                return _position - _origin;
            }
            set { 
                if (value < 0)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
                Contract.Ensures(Position == value); 
                Contract.EndContractBlock();
 
                if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();

                if (value > MemStreamMaxLength)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_StreamLength")); 
                _position = _origin + (int)value;
            } 
        } 

        [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical]  // auto-generated 
        public override int Read([In, Out] byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) {
            if (buffer==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer"));
            if (offset < 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum"));
            if (count < 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (buffer.Length - offset < count)
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidOffLen")); 
            Contract.EndContractBlock();

            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
            int n = _length - _position;
            if (n > count) n = count; 
            if (n <= 0) 
                return 0;
 
            Contract.Assert(_position + n >= 0, "_position + n >= 0");  // len is less than 2^31 -1.

            if (n <= 8)
            { 
                int byteCount = n;
                while (--byteCount >= 0) 
                    buffer[offset + byteCount] = _buffer[_position + byteCount]; 
            }
            else 
                Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(_buffer, _position, buffer, offset, n);
            _position += n;

            return n; 
        }
 
        public override int ReadByte() { 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
            if (_position >= _length) return -1;

            return _buffer[_position++];
        } 

 
        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin loc) { 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
 
            if (offset > MemStreamMaxLength)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_StreamLength"));
            switch(loc) {
            case SeekOrigin.Begin: { 
                int tempPosition = unchecked(_origin + (int)offset);
                if (offset < 0 || tempPosition < _origin) 
                    throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_SeekBeforeBegin")); 
                _position = tempPosition;
                break; 
            }
            case SeekOrigin.Current: {
                int tempPosition = unchecked(_position + (int)offset);
                if (unchecked(_position + offset) < _origin || tempPosition < _origin) 
                    throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_SeekBeforeBegin"));
                _position = tempPosition; 
                break; 
            }
            case SeekOrigin.End: { 
                int tempPosition = unchecked(_length + (int)offset);
                if ( unchecked(_length + offset) < _origin || tempPosition < _origin )
                    throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_SeekBeforeBegin"));
                _position = tempPosition; 
                break;
            } 
            default: 
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidSeekOrigin"));
            } 

            Contract.Assert(_position >= 0, "_position >= 0");
            return _position;
        } 

        // Sets the length of the stream to a given value.  The new 
        // value must be nonnegative and less than the space remaining in 
        // the array, Int32.MaxValue - origin
        // Origin is 0 in all cases other than a MemoryStream created on 
        // top of an existing array and a specific starting offset was passed
        // into the MemoryStream constructor.  The upper bounds prevents any
        // situations where a stream may be created on top of an array then
        // the stream is made longer than the maximum possible length of the 
        // array (Int32.MaxValue).
        // 
        public override void SetLength(long value) { 
            if (value < 0 || value > Int32.MaxValue) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_StreamLength")); 
            }
            Contract.Ensures(_length - _origin == value);
            Contract.EndContractBlock();
            if (!CanWrite) __Error.WriteNotSupported(); 

            // Origin wasn't publicly exposed above. 
            Contract.Assert(MemStreamMaxLength == Int32.MaxValue);  // Check parameter validation logic in this method if this fails. 
            if (value > (Int32.MaxValue - _origin)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("value", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_StreamLength")); 
            }

            int newLength = _origin + (int)value;
            bool allocatedNewArray = EnsureCapacity(newLength); 
            if (!allocatedNewArray && newLength > _length)
                Array.Clear(_buffer, _length, newLength - _length); 
            _length = newLength; 
            if (_position > newLength) _position = newLength;
 
        }

        [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical]  // auto-generated
        public virtual byte[] ToArray() { 
            BCLDebug.Perf(_exposable, "MemoryStream::GetBuffer will let you avoid a copy.");
            byte[] copy = new byte[_length - _origin]; 
            Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(_buffer, _origin, copy, 0, _length - _origin); 
            return copy;
        } 

        [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical]  // auto-generated
        public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) {
            if (buffer==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer"));
            if (offset < 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (count < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum")); 
            if (buffer.Length - offset < count)
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidOffLen"));
            Contract.EndContractBlock();
 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
            if (!CanWrite) __Error.WriteNotSupported(); 
 
            int i = _position + count;
            // Check for overflow 
            if (i < 0)
                throw new IOException(Environment.GetResourceString("IO.IO_StreamTooLong"));

            if (i > _length) { 
                bool mustZero = _position > _length;
                if (i > _capacity) { 
                    bool allocatedNewArray = EnsureCapacity(i); 
                    if (allocatedNewArray)
                        mustZero = false; 
                }
                if (mustZero)
                    Array.Clear(_buffer, _length, i - _length);
                _length = i; 
            }
            if ((count <= 8) && (buffer != _buffer)) 
            { 
                int byteCount = count;
                while (--byteCount >= 0) 
                    _buffer[_position + byteCount] = buffer[offset + byteCount];
            }
            else
                Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(buffer, offset, _buffer, _position, count); 
            _position = i;
 
        } 

        public override void WriteByte(byte value) { 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
            if (!CanWrite) __Error.WriteNotSupported();

            if (_position >= _length) { 
                int newLength = _position + 1;
                bool mustZero = _position > _length; 
                if (newLength >= _capacity) { 
                    bool allocatedNewArray = EnsureCapacity(newLength);
                    if (allocatedNewArray) 
                        mustZero = false;
                }
                if (mustZero)
                    Array.Clear(_buffer, _length, _position - _length); 
                _length = newLength;
            } 
            _buffer[_position++] = value; 

        } 

        // Writes this MemoryStream to another stream.
        public virtual void WriteTo(Stream stream) {
            if (stream==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("stream", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Stream"));
            Contract.EndContractBlock(); 
 
            if (!_isOpen) __Error.StreamIsClosed();
            stream.Write(_buffer, _origin, _length - _origin); 
        }

        [ContractInvariantMethod]
        protected override void ObjectInvariant() { 
            // no call to base ObjectInvariant required
            Contract.Invariant(_origin >= 0); 
            Contract.Invariant(_origin <= _position); 
            Contract.Invariant(_length <= _capacity);
            // equivalent to _origin > 0 => !expandable, and using fact that _origin is non-negative. 
            Contract.Invariant(_origin == 0 || !_expandable);
        }
    }
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.

                        

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