LambdaCompiler.Statements.cs source code in C# .NET

Source code for the .NET framework in C#

                        

Code:

/ 4.0 / 4.0 / DEVDIV_TFS / Dev10 / Releases / RTMRel / ndp / fx / src / Core / Microsoft / Scripting / Compiler / LambdaCompiler.Statements.cs / 1305376 / LambdaCompiler.Statements.cs

                            /* **************************************************************************** 
 *
 * Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 *
 * This source code is subject to terms and conditions of the Microsoft Public License. A 
 * copy of the license can be found in the License.html file at the root of this distribution. If
 * you cannot locate the  Microsoft Public License, please send an email to 
 * dlr@microsoft.com. By using this source code in any fashion, you are agreeing to be bound 
 * by the terms of the Microsoft Public License.
 * 
 * You must not remove this notice, or any other, from this software.
 *
 *
 * ***************************************************************************/ 

using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Diagnostics; 
using System.Dynamic.Utils;
using System.Reflection; 
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Globalization;

#if SILVERLIGHT 
using System.Core;
#endif 
 
namespace System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler {
    partial class LambdaCompiler { 
        private void EmitBlockExpression(Expression expr, CompilationFlags flags) {
            // emit body
            Emit((BlockExpression)expr, UpdateEmitAsTypeFlag(flags, CompilationFlags.EmitAsDefaultType));
        } 

        private void Emit(BlockExpression node, CompilationFlags flags) { 
            EnterScope(node); 

            CompilationFlags emitAs = flags & CompilationFlags.EmitAsTypeMask; 

            int count = node.ExpressionCount;
            CompilationFlags tailCall = flags & CompilationFlags.EmitAsTailCallMask;
            CompilationFlags middleTailCall = tailCall == CompilationFlags.EmitAsNoTail ? CompilationFlags.EmitAsNoTail : CompilationFlags.EmitAsMiddle; 

            for (int index = 0; index < count - 1; index++) { 
                var e = node.GetExpression(index); 
                var next = node.GetExpression(index + 1);
 
                if (EmitDebugSymbols) {
                    // No need to emit a clearance if the next expression in the block is also a
                    // DebugInfoExprssion.
                    var debugInfo = e as DebugInfoExpression; 
                    if (debugInfo != null && debugInfo.IsClear && next is DebugInfoExpression) {
                        continue; 
                    } 
                }
                // In the middle of the block. 
                // We may do better here by marking it as Tail if the following expressions are not going to emit any IL.
                var tailCallFlag = middleTailCall;

                var g = next as GotoExpression; 
                if (g != null && (g.Value == null || !Significant(g.Value))) {
                    var labelInfo = ReferenceLabel(g.Target); 
                    if (labelInfo.CanReturn) { 
                        // Since tail call flags are not passed into EmitTryExpression, CanReturn means the goto will be emitted
                        // as Ret. Therefore we can emit the current expression with tail call. 
                        tailCallFlag = CompilationFlags.EmitAsTail;
                    }
                }
                flags = UpdateEmitAsTailCallFlag(flags, tailCallFlag); 
                EmitExpressionAsVoid(e, flags);
            } 
 
            // if the type of Block it means this is not a Comma
            // so we will force the last expression to emit as void. 
            // We don't need EmitAsType flag anymore, should only pass
            // the EmitTailCall field in flags to emitting the last expression.
            if (emitAs == CompilationFlags.EmitAsVoidType || node.Type == typeof(void)) {
                EmitExpressionAsVoid(node.GetExpression(count - 1), tailCall); 
            } else {
                EmitExpressionAsType(node.GetExpression(count - 1), node.Type, tailCall); 
            } 

            ExitScope(node); 
        }

        private void EnterScope(object node) {
            if (HasVariables(node) && 
                (_scope.MergedScopes == null || !_scope.MergedScopes.Contains(node))) {
 
                CompilerScope scope; 
                if (!_tree.Scopes.TryGetValue(node, out scope)) {
                    // 
                    // Very often, we want to compile nodes as reductions
                    // rather than as IL, but usually they need to allocate
                    // some IL locals. To support this, we allow emitting a
                    // BlockExpression that was not bound by VariableBinder. 
                    // This works as long as the variables are only used
                    // locally -- i.e. not closed over. 
                    // 
                    // User-created blocks will never hit this case; only our
                    // internally reduced nodes will. 
                    //
                    scope = new CompilerScope(node, false) { NeedsClosure = _scope.NeedsClosure };
                }
 
                _scope = scope.Enter(this, _scope);
                Debug.Assert(_scope.Node == node); 
            } 
        }
 
        private static bool HasVariables(object node) {
            var block = node as BlockExpression;
            if (block != null) {
                return block.Variables.Count > 0; 
            }
            return ((CatchBlock)node).Variable != null; 
        } 

        private void ExitScope(object node) { 
            if (_scope.Node == node) {
                _scope = _scope.Exit();
            }
        } 

        private void EmitDefaultExpression(Expression expr) { 
            var node = (DefaultExpression)expr; 
            if (node.Type != typeof(void)) {
                // emit default(T) 
                _ilg.EmitDefault(node.Type);
            }
        }
 
        private void EmitLoopExpression(Expression expr) {
            LoopExpression node = (LoopExpression)expr; 
 
            PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Statement);
            LabelInfo breakTarget = DefineLabel(node.BreakLabel); 
            LabelInfo continueTarget = DefineLabel(node.ContinueLabel);

            continueTarget.MarkWithEmptyStack();
 
            EmitExpressionAsVoid(node.Body);
 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Br, continueTarget.Label); 

            PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Statement); 

            breakTarget.MarkWithEmptyStack();
        }
 
        #region SwitchExpression
 
        private void EmitSwitchExpression(Expression expr, CompilationFlags flags) { 
            SwitchExpression node = (SwitchExpression)expr;
 
            // Try to emit it as an IL switch. Works for integer types.
            if (TryEmitSwitchInstruction(node, flags)) {
                return;
            } 

            // Try to emit as a hashtable lookup. Works for strings. 
            if (TryEmitHashtableSwitch(node, flags)) { 
                return;
            } 

            //
            // Fall back to a series of tests. We need to IL gen instead of
            // transform the tree to avoid stack overflow on a big switch. 
            //
 
            var switchValue = Expression.Parameter(node.SwitchValue.Type, "switchValue"); 
            var testValue = Expression.Parameter(GetTestValueType(node), "testValue");
            _scope.AddLocal(this, switchValue); 
            _scope.AddLocal(this, testValue);

            EmitExpression(node.SwitchValue);
            _scope.EmitSet(switchValue); 

            // Emit tests 
            var labels = new Label[node.Cases.Count]; 
            var isGoto = new bool[node.Cases.Count];
            for (int i = 0, n = node.Cases.Count; i < n; i++) { 
                DefineSwitchCaseLabel(node.Cases[i], out labels[i], out isGoto[i]);
                foreach (Expression test in node.Cases[i].TestValues) {
                    // Pull the test out into a temp so it runs on the same
                    // stack as the switch. This simplifies spilling. 
                    EmitExpression(test);
                    _scope.EmitSet(testValue); 
                    Debug.Assert(TypeUtils.AreReferenceAssignable(testValue.Type, test.Type)); 
                    EmitExpressionAndBranch(true, Expression.Equal(switchValue, testValue, false, node.Comparison), labels[i]);
                } 
            }

            // Define labels
            Label end = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
            Label @default = (node.DefaultBody == null) ? end : _ilg.DefineLabel();
 
            // Emit the case and default bodies 
            EmitSwitchCases(node, labels, isGoto, @default, end, flags);
        } 

        /// 
        /// Gets the common test test value type of the SwitchExpression.
        ///  
        private static Type GetTestValueType(SwitchExpression node) {
            if (node.Comparison == null) { 
                // If we have no comparison, all right side types must be the 
                // same.
                return node.Cases[0].TestValues[0].Type; 
            }

            // Otherwise, get the type from the method.
            Type result = node.Comparison.GetParametersCached()[1].ParameterType.GetNonRefType(); 
            if (node.IsLifted) {
                result = TypeUtils.GetNullableType(result); 
            } 
            return result;
        } 

        private sealed class SwitchLabel {
            internal readonly decimal Key;
            internal readonly Label Label; 

            // Boxed version of Key, preseving the original type. 
            internal readonly object Constant; 

            internal SwitchLabel(decimal key, object @constant, Label label) { 
                Key = key;
                Constant = @constant;
                Label = label;
            } 
        }
 
        private sealed class SwitchInfo { 
            internal readonly SwitchExpression Node;
            internal readonly LocalBuilder Value; 
            internal readonly Label Default;
            internal readonly Type Type;
            internal readonly bool IsUnsigned;
            internal readonly bool Is64BitSwitch; 

            internal SwitchInfo(SwitchExpression node, LocalBuilder value, Label @default) { 
                Node = node; 
                Value = value;
                Default = @default; 
                Type = Node.SwitchValue.Type;
                IsUnsigned = TypeUtils.IsUnsigned(Type);
                var code = Type.GetTypeCode(Type);
                Is64BitSwitch = code == TypeCode.UInt64 || code == TypeCode.Int64; 
            }
        } 
 
        private static bool FitsInBucket(List buckets, decimal key, int count) {
            Debug.Assert(key > buckets[buckets.Count - 1].Key); 
            decimal jumpTableSlots = key - buckets[0].Key + 1;
            if (jumpTableSlots > int.MaxValue) {
                return false;
            } 
            // density must be > 50%
            return (buckets.Count + count) * 2 > jumpTableSlots; 
        } 

        private static void MergeBuckets(List> buckets) { 
            while (buckets.Count > 1) {
                List first = buckets[buckets.Count - 2];
                List second = buckets[buckets.Count - 1];
 
                if (!FitsInBucket(first, second[second.Count - 1].Key, second.Count)) {
                    return; 
                } 

                // Merge them 
                first.AddRange(second);
                buckets.RemoveAt(buckets.Count - 1);
            }
        } 

        // Add key to a new or existing bucket 
        private static void AddToBuckets(List> buckets, SwitchLabel key) { 
            if (buckets.Count > 0) {
                List last = buckets[buckets.Count - 1]; 
                if (FitsInBucket(last, key.Key, 1)) {
                    last.Add(key);
                    // we might be able to merge now
                    MergeBuckets(buckets); 
                    return;
                } 
            } 
            // else create a new bucket
            buckets.Add(new List { key }); 
        }

        // Determines if the type is an integer we can switch on.
        private static bool CanOptimizeSwitchType(Type valueType) { 
            // enums & char are allowed
            switch (Type.GetTypeCode(valueType)) { 
                case TypeCode.Byte: 
                case TypeCode.SByte:
                case TypeCode.Char: 
                case TypeCode.Int16:
                case TypeCode.Int32:
                case TypeCode.UInt16:
                case TypeCode.UInt32: 
                case TypeCode.Int64:
                case TypeCode.UInt64: 
                    return true; 
                default:
                    return false; 
            }
        }

        // Tries to emit switch as a jmp table 
        private bool TryEmitSwitchInstruction(SwitchExpression node, CompilationFlags flags) {
            // If we have a comparison, bail 
            if (node.Comparison != null) { 
                return false;
            } 

            // Make sure the switch value type and the right side type
            // are types we can optimize
            Type type = node.SwitchValue.Type; 
            if (!CanOptimizeSwitchType(type) ||
                !TypeUtils.AreEquivalent(type, node.Cases[0].TestValues[0].Type)) { 
                return false; 
            }
 
            // Make sure all test values are constant, or we can't emit the
            // jump table.
            if (!node.Cases.All(c => c.TestValues.All(t => t is ConstantExpression))) {
                return false; 
            }
 
            // 
            // We can emit the optimized switch, let's do it.
            // 

            // Build target labels, collect keys.
            var labels = new Label[node.Cases.Count];
            var isGoto = new bool[node.Cases.Count]; 

            var uniqueKeys = new Set(); 
            var keys = new List(); 
            for (int i = 0; i < node.Cases.Count; i++) {
 
                DefineSwitchCaseLabel(node.Cases[i], out labels[i], out isGoto[i]);

                foreach (ConstantExpression test in node.Cases[i].TestValues) {
                    // Guarenteed to work thanks to CanOptimizeSwitchType. 
                    //
                    // Use decimal because it can hold Int64 or UInt64 without 
                    // precision loss or signed/unsigned conversions. 
                    decimal key = ConvertSwitchValue(test.Value);
 
                    // Only add each key once. If it appears twice, it's
                    // allowed, but can't be reached.
                    if (!uniqueKeys.Contains(key)) {
                        keys.Add(new SwitchLabel(key, test.Value, labels[i])); 
                        uniqueKeys.Add(key);
                    } 
                } 
            }
 
            // Sort the keys, and group them into buckets.
            keys.Sort((x, y) => Math.Sign(x.Key - y.Key));
            var buckets = new List>();
            foreach (var key in keys) { 
                AddToBuckets(buckets, key);
            } 
 
            // Emit the switchValue
            LocalBuilder value = GetLocal(node.SwitchValue.Type); 
            EmitExpression(node.SwitchValue);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value);

            // Create end label, and default label if needed 
            Label end = _ilg.DefineLabel();
            Label @default = (node.DefaultBody == null) ? end : _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
 
            // Emit the switch
            var info = new SwitchInfo(node, value, @default); 
            EmitSwitchBuckets(info, buckets, 0, buckets.Count - 1);

            // Emit the case bodies and default
            EmitSwitchCases(node, labels, isGoto, @default, end, flags); 

            FreeLocal(value); 
            return true; 
        }
 
        private static decimal ConvertSwitchValue(object value) {
            if (value is char) {
                return (int)(char)value;
            } 
            return Convert.ToDecimal(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        } 
 
        /// 
        /// Creates the label for this case. 
        /// Optimization: if the body is just a goto, and we can branch
        /// to it, put the goto target directly in the jump table.
        /// 
        private void DefineSwitchCaseLabel(SwitchCase @case, out Label label, out bool isGoto) { 
            var jump = @case.Body as GotoExpression;
            // if it's a goto with no value 
            if (jump != null && jump.Value == null) { 
                // Reference the label from the switch. This will cause us to
                // analyze the jump target and determine if it is safe. 
                LabelInfo jumpInfo = ReferenceLabel(jump.Target);

                // If we have are allowed to emit the "branch" opcode, then we
                // can jump directly there from the switch's jump table. 
                // (Otherwise, we need to emit the goto later as a "leave".)
                if (jumpInfo.CanBranch) { 
                    label = jumpInfo.Label; 
                    isGoto = true;
                    return; 
                }
            }
            // otherwise, just define a new label
            label = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
            isGoto = false;
        } 
 
        private void EmitSwitchCases(SwitchExpression node, Label[] labels, bool[] isGoto, Label @default, Label end, CompilationFlags flags) {
            // Jump to default (to handle the fallthrough case) 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Br, @default);

            // Emit the cases
            for (int i = 0, n = node.Cases.Count; i < n; i++) { 
                // If the body is a goto, we already emitted an optimized
                // branch directly to it. No need to emit anything else. 
                if (isGoto[i]) { 
                    continue;
                } 

                _ilg.MarkLabel(labels[i]);
                EmitExpressionAsType(node.Cases[i].Body, node.Type, flags);
 
                // Last case doesn't need branch
                if (node.DefaultBody != null || i < n - 1) { 
                    if ((flags & CompilationFlags.EmitAsTailCallMask) == CompilationFlags.EmitAsTail) { 
                        //The switch case is at the tail of the lambda so
                        //it is safe to emit a Ret. 
                        _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
                    } else {
                        _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Br, end);
                    } 
                }
            } 
 
            // Default value
            if (node.DefaultBody != null) { 
                _ilg.MarkLabel(@default);
                EmitExpressionAsType(node.DefaultBody, node.Type, flags);
            }
 
            _ilg.MarkLabel(end);
        } 
 
        private void EmitSwitchBuckets(SwitchInfo info, List> buckets, int first, int last) {
            if (first == last) { 
                EmitSwitchBucket(info, buckets[first]);
                return;
            }
 
            // Split the buckets into two groups, and use an if test to find
            // the right bucket. This ensures we'll only need O(lg(B)) tests 
            // where B is the number of buckets 
            int mid = (int)(((long)first + last + 1) / 2);
 
            if (first == mid - 1) {
                EmitSwitchBucket(info, buckets[first]);
            } else {
                // If the first half contains more than one, we need to emit an 
                // explicit guard
                Label secondHalf = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value); 
                _ilg.EmitConstant(buckets[mid - 1].Last().Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(info.IsUnsigned ? OpCodes.Bgt_Un : OpCodes.Bgt, secondHalf); 
                EmitSwitchBuckets(info, buckets, first, mid - 1);
                _ilg.MarkLabel(secondHalf);
            }
 
            EmitSwitchBuckets(info, buckets, mid, last);
        } 
 
        private void EmitSwitchBucket(SwitchInfo info, List bucket) {
            // No need for switch if we only have one value 
            if (bucket.Count == 1) {
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value);
                _ilg.EmitConstant(bucket[0].Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Beq, bucket[0].Label); 
                return;
            } 
 
            //
            // If we're switching off of Int64/UInt64, we need more guards here 
            // because we'll have to narrow the switch value to an Int32, and
            // we can't do that unless the value is in the right range.
            //
            Label? after = null; 
            if (info.Is64BitSwitch) {
                after = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value); 
                _ilg.EmitConstant(bucket.Last().Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(info.IsUnsigned ? OpCodes.Bgt_Un : OpCodes.Bgt, after.Value); 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value);
                _ilg.EmitConstant(bucket[0].Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(info.IsUnsigned ? OpCodes.Blt_Un : OpCodes.Blt, after.Value);
            } 

            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value); 
 
            // Normalize key
            decimal key = bucket[0].Key; 
            if (key != 0) {
                _ilg.EmitConstant(bucket[0].Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Sub);
            } 

            if (info.Is64BitSwitch) { 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I4); 
            }
 
            // Collect labels
            int len = (int)(bucket[bucket.Count - 1].Key - bucket[0].Key + 1);
            Label[] jmpLabels = new Label[len];
 
            // Initialize all labels to the default
            int slot = 0; 
            foreach (SwitchLabel label in bucket) { 
                while (key++ != label.Key) {
                    jmpLabels[slot++] = info.Default; 
                }
                jmpLabels[slot++] = label.Label;
            }
 
            // check we used all keys and filled all slots
            Debug.Assert(key == bucket[bucket.Count - 1].Key + 1); 
            Debug.Assert(slot == jmpLabels.Length); 

            // Finally, emit the switch instruction 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Switch, jmpLabels);

            if (info.Is64BitSwitch) {
                _ilg.MarkLabel(after.Value); 
            }
        } 
 
        private bool TryEmitHashtableSwitch(SwitchExpression node, CompilationFlags flags) {
            // If we have a comparison other than string equality, bail 
            if (node.Comparison != typeof(string).GetMethod("op_Equality", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.ExactBinding, null, new[] { typeof(string), typeof(string) }, null)) {
                return false;
            }
 
            // All test values must be constant.
            int tests = 0; 
            foreach (SwitchCase c in node.Cases) { 
                foreach (Expression t in c.TestValues) {
                    if (!(t is ConstantExpression)) { 
                        return false;
                    }
                    tests++;
                } 
            }
 
            // Must have >= 7 labels for it to be worth it. 
            if (tests < 7) {
                return false; 
            }

            // If we're in a DynamicMethod, we could just build the dictionary
            // immediately. But that would cause the two code paths to be more 
            // different than they really need to be.
            var initializers = new List(tests); 
            var cases = new List(node.Cases.Count); 

            int nullCase = -1; 
            MethodInfo add = typeof(Dictionary).GetMethod("Add", new[] { typeof(string), typeof(int) });
            for (int i = 0, n = node.Cases.Count; i < n; i++) {
                foreach (ConstantExpression t in node.Cases[i].TestValues) {
                    if (t.Value != null) { 
                        initializers.Add(Expression.ElementInit(add, t, Expression.Constant(i)));
                    } else { 
                        nullCase = i; 
                    }
                } 
                cases.Add(Expression.SwitchCase(node.Cases[i].Body, Expression.Constant(i)));
            }

            // Create the field to hold the lazily initialized dictionary 
            MemberExpression dictField = CreateLazyInitializedField>("dictionarySwitch");
 
            // If we happen to initialize it twice (multithreaded case), it's 
            // not the end of the world. The C# compiler does better here by
            // emitting a volatile access to the field. 
            Expression dictInit = Expression.Condition(
                Expression.Equal(dictField, Expression.Constant(null, dictField.Type)),
                Expression.Assign(
                    dictField, 
                    Expression.ListInit(
                        Expression.New( 
                            typeof(Dictionary).GetConstructor(new[] { typeof(int) }), 
                            Expression.Constant(initializers.Count)
                        ), 
                        initializers
                    )
                ),
                dictField 
            );
 
            // 
            // Create a tree like:
            // 
            // switchValue = switchValueExpression;
            // if (switchValue == null) {
            //     switchIndex = nullCase;
            // } else { 
            //     if (_dictField == null) {
            //         _dictField = new Dictionary(count) { { ... }, ... }; 
            //     } 
            //     if (!_dictField.TryGetValue(switchValue, out switchIndex)) {
            //         switchIndex = -1; 
            //     }
            // }
            // switch (switchIndex) {
            //     case 0: ... 
            //     case 1: ...
            //     ... 
            //     default: 
            // }
            // 
            var switchValue = Expression.Variable(typeof(string), "switchValue");
            var switchIndex = Expression.Variable(typeof(int), "switchIndex");
            var reduced = Expression.Block(
                new[] { switchIndex, switchValue }, 
                Expression.Assign(switchValue, node.SwitchValue),
                Expression.IfThenElse( 
                    Expression.Equal(switchValue, Expression.Constant(null, typeof(string))), 
                    Expression.Assign(switchIndex, Expression.Constant(nullCase)),
                    Expression.IfThenElse( 
                        Expression.Call(dictInit, "TryGetValue", null, switchValue, switchIndex),
                        Expression.Empty(),
                        Expression.Assign(switchIndex, Expression.Constant(-1))
                    ) 
                ),
                Expression.Switch(node.Type, switchIndex, node.DefaultBody, null, cases) 
            ); 

            EmitExpression(reduced, flags); 
            return true;
        }

        #endregion 

        private void CheckRethrow() { 
            // Rethrow is only valid inside a catch. 
            for (LabelScopeInfo j = _labelBlock; j != null; j = j.Parent) {
                if (j.Kind == LabelScopeKind.Catch) { 
                    return;
                } else if (j.Kind == LabelScopeKind.Finally) {
                    // Rethrow from inside finally is not verifiable
                    break; 
                }
            } 
            throw Error.RethrowRequiresCatch(); 
        }
 
        #region TryStatement

        private void CheckTry() {
            // Try inside a filter is not verifiable 
            for (LabelScopeInfo j = _labelBlock; j != null; j = j.Parent) {
                if (j.Kind == LabelScopeKind.Filter) { 
                    throw Error.TryNotAllowedInFilter(); 
                }
            } 
        }

        private void EmitSaveExceptionOrPop(CatchBlock cb) {
            if (cb.Variable != null) { 
                // If the variable is present, store the exception
                // in the variable. 
                _scope.EmitSet(cb.Variable); 
            } else {
                // Otherwise, pop it off the stack. 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
            }
        }
 
        private void EmitTryExpression(Expression expr) {
            var node = (TryExpression)expr; 
 
            CheckTry();
 
            //*****************************************************************
            // 1. ENTERING TRY
            //*****************************************************************
 
            PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Try);
            _ilg.BeginExceptionBlock(); 
 
            //*****************************************************************
            // 2. Emit the try statement body 
            //******************************************************************

            EmitExpression(node.Body);
 
            Type tryType = expr.Type;
            LocalBuilder value = null; 
            if (tryType != typeof(void)) { 
                //store the value of the try body
                value = GetLocal(tryType); 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value);
            }
            //*****************************************************************
            // 3. Emit the catch blocks 
            //******************************************************************
 
            foreach (CatchBlock cb in node.Handlers) { 
                PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Catch);
 
                // Begin the strongly typed exception block
                if (cb.Filter == null) {
                    _ilg.BeginCatchBlock(cb.Test);
                } else { 
                    _ilg.BeginExceptFilterBlock();
                } 
 
                EnterScope(cb);
 
                EmitCatchStart(cb);

                //
                // Emit the catch block body 
                //
                EmitExpression(cb.Body); 
                if (tryType != typeof(void)) { 
                    //store the value of the catch block body
                    _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value); 
                }

                ExitScope(cb);
 
                PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Catch);
            } 
 
            //******************************************************************
            // 4. Emit the finally block 
            //*****************************************************************

            if (node.Finally != null || node.Fault != null) {
                PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Finally); 

                if (node.Finally != null) { 
                    _ilg.BeginFinallyBlock(); 
                } else {
                    _ilg.BeginFaultBlock(); 
                }

                // Emit the body
                EmitExpressionAsVoid(node.Finally ?? node.Fault); 

                _ilg.EndExceptionBlock(); 
                PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Finally); 
            } else {
                _ilg.EndExceptionBlock(); 
            }

            if (tryType != typeof(void)) {
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value); 
                FreeLocal(value);
            } 
            PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Try); 
        }
 
        /// 
        /// Emits the start of a catch block.  The exception value that is provided by the
        /// CLR is stored in the variable specified by the catch block or popped if no
        /// variable is provided. 
        /// 
        private void EmitCatchStart(CatchBlock cb) { 
            if (cb.Filter == null) { 
                EmitSaveExceptionOrPop(cb);
                return; 
            }

            // emit filter block. Filter blocks are untyped so we need to do
            // the type check ourselves. 
            Label endFilter = _ilg.DefineLabel();
            Label rightType = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
 
            // skip if it's not our exception type, but save
            // the exception if it is so it's available to the 
            // filter
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Isinst, cb.Test);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue, rightType); 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0); 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Br, endFilter); 

            // it's our type, save it and emit the filter. 
            _ilg.MarkLabel(rightType);
            EmitSaveExceptionOrPop(cb);
            PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Filter);
            EmitExpression(cb.Filter); 
            PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Filter);
 
            // begin the catch, clear the exception, we've 
            // already saved it
            _ilg.MarkLabel(endFilter); 
            _ilg.BeginCatchBlock(null);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
        }
 
        #endregion
    } 
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
/* **************************************************************************** 
 *
 * Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 *
 * This source code is subject to terms and conditions of the Microsoft Public License. A 
 * copy of the license can be found in the License.html file at the root of this distribution. If
 * you cannot locate the  Microsoft Public License, please send an email to 
 * dlr@microsoft.com. By using this source code in any fashion, you are agreeing to be bound 
 * by the terms of the Microsoft Public License.
 * 
 * You must not remove this notice, or any other, from this software.
 *
 *
 * ***************************************************************************/ 

using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Diagnostics; 
using System.Dynamic.Utils;
using System.Reflection; 
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Globalization;

#if SILVERLIGHT 
using System.Core;
#endif 
 
namespace System.Linq.Expressions.Compiler {
    partial class LambdaCompiler { 
        private void EmitBlockExpression(Expression expr, CompilationFlags flags) {
            // emit body
            Emit((BlockExpression)expr, UpdateEmitAsTypeFlag(flags, CompilationFlags.EmitAsDefaultType));
        } 

        private void Emit(BlockExpression node, CompilationFlags flags) { 
            EnterScope(node); 

            CompilationFlags emitAs = flags & CompilationFlags.EmitAsTypeMask; 

            int count = node.ExpressionCount;
            CompilationFlags tailCall = flags & CompilationFlags.EmitAsTailCallMask;
            CompilationFlags middleTailCall = tailCall == CompilationFlags.EmitAsNoTail ? CompilationFlags.EmitAsNoTail : CompilationFlags.EmitAsMiddle; 

            for (int index = 0; index < count - 1; index++) { 
                var e = node.GetExpression(index); 
                var next = node.GetExpression(index + 1);
 
                if (EmitDebugSymbols) {
                    // No need to emit a clearance if the next expression in the block is also a
                    // DebugInfoExprssion.
                    var debugInfo = e as DebugInfoExpression; 
                    if (debugInfo != null && debugInfo.IsClear && next is DebugInfoExpression) {
                        continue; 
                    } 
                }
                // In the middle of the block. 
                // We may do better here by marking it as Tail if the following expressions are not going to emit any IL.
                var tailCallFlag = middleTailCall;

                var g = next as GotoExpression; 
                if (g != null && (g.Value == null || !Significant(g.Value))) {
                    var labelInfo = ReferenceLabel(g.Target); 
                    if (labelInfo.CanReturn) { 
                        // Since tail call flags are not passed into EmitTryExpression, CanReturn means the goto will be emitted
                        // as Ret. Therefore we can emit the current expression with tail call. 
                        tailCallFlag = CompilationFlags.EmitAsTail;
                    }
                }
                flags = UpdateEmitAsTailCallFlag(flags, tailCallFlag); 
                EmitExpressionAsVoid(e, flags);
            } 
 
            // if the type of Block it means this is not a Comma
            // so we will force the last expression to emit as void. 
            // We don't need EmitAsType flag anymore, should only pass
            // the EmitTailCall field in flags to emitting the last expression.
            if (emitAs == CompilationFlags.EmitAsVoidType || node.Type == typeof(void)) {
                EmitExpressionAsVoid(node.GetExpression(count - 1), tailCall); 
            } else {
                EmitExpressionAsType(node.GetExpression(count - 1), node.Type, tailCall); 
            } 

            ExitScope(node); 
        }

        private void EnterScope(object node) {
            if (HasVariables(node) && 
                (_scope.MergedScopes == null || !_scope.MergedScopes.Contains(node))) {
 
                CompilerScope scope; 
                if (!_tree.Scopes.TryGetValue(node, out scope)) {
                    // 
                    // Very often, we want to compile nodes as reductions
                    // rather than as IL, but usually they need to allocate
                    // some IL locals. To support this, we allow emitting a
                    // BlockExpression that was not bound by VariableBinder. 
                    // This works as long as the variables are only used
                    // locally -- i.e. not closed over. 
                    // 
                    // User-created blocks will never hit this case; only our
                    // internally reduced nodes will. 
                    //
                    scope = new CompilerScope(node, false) { NeedsClosure = _scope.NeedsClosure };
                }
 
                _scope = scope.Enter(this, _scope);
                Debug.Assert(_scope.Node == node); 
            } 
        }
 
        private static bool HasVariables(object node) {
            var block = node as BlockExpression;
            if (block != null) {
                return block.Variables.Count > 0; 
            }
            return ((CatchBlock)node).Variable != null; 
        } 

        private void ExitScope(object node) { 
            if (_scope.Node == node) {
                _scope = _scope.Exit();
            }
        } 

        private void EmitDefaultExpression(Expression expr) { 
            var node = (DefaultExpression)expr; 
            if (node.Type != typeof(void)) {
                // emit default(T) 
                _ilg.EmitDefault(node.Type);
            }
        }
 
        private void EmitLoopExpression(Expression expr) {
            LoopExpression node = (LoopExpression)expr; 
 
            PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Statement);
            LabelInfo breakTarget = DefineLabel(node.BreakLabel); 
            LabelInfo continueTarget = DefineLabel(node.ContinueLabel);

            continueTarget.MarkWithEmptyStack();
 
            EmitExpressionAsVoid(node.Body);
 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Br, continueTarget.Label); 

            PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Statement); 

            breakTarget.MarkWithEmptyStack();
        }
 
        #region SwitchExpression
 
        private void EmitSwitchExpression(Expression expr, CompilationFlags flags) { 
            SwitchExpression node = (SwitchExpression)expr;
 
            // Try to emit it as an IL switch. Works for integer types.
            if (TryEmitSwitchInstruction(node, flags)) {
                return;
            } 

            // Try to emit as a hashtable lookup. Works for strings. 
            if (TryEmitHashtableSwitch(node, flags)) { 
                return;
            } 

            //
            // Fall back to a series of tests. We need to IL gen instead of
            // transform the tree to avoid stack overflow on a big switch. 
            //
 
            var switchValue = Expression.Parameter(node.SwitchValue.Type, "switchValue"); 
            var testValue = Expression.Parameter(GetTestValueType(node), "testValue");
            _scope.AddLocal(this, switchValue); 
            _scope.AddLocal(this, testValue);

            EmitExpression(node.SwitchValue);
            _scope.EmitSet(switchValue); 

            // Emit tests 
            var labels = new Label[node.Cases.Count]; 
            var isGoto = new bool[node.Cases.Count];
            for (int i = 0, n = node.Cases.Count; i < n; i++) { 
                DefineSwitchCaseLabel(node.Cases[i], out labels[i], out isGoto[i]);
                foreach (Expression test in node.Cases[i].TestValues) {
                    // Pull the test out into a temp so it runs on the same
                    // stack as the switch. This simplifies spilling. 
                    EmitExpression(test);
                    _scope.EmitSet(testValue); 
                    Debug.Assert(TypeUtils.AreReferenceAssignable(testValue.Type, test.Type)); 
                    EmitExpressionAndBranch(true, Expression.Equal(switchValue, testValue, false, node.Comparison), labels[i]);
                } 
            }

            // Define labels
            Label end = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
            Label @default = (node.DefaultBody == null) ? end : _ilg.DefineLabel();
 
            // Emit the case and default bodies 
            EmitSwitchCases(node, labels, isGoto, @default, end, flags);
        } 

        /// 
        /// Gets the common test test value type of the SwitchExpression.
        ///  
        private static Type GetTestValueType(SwitchExpression node) {
            if (node.Comparison == null) { 
                // If we have no comparison, all right side types must be the 
                // same.
                return node.Cases[0].TestValues[0].Type; 
            }

            // Otherwise, get the type from the method.
            Type result = node.Comparison.GetParametersCached()[1].ParameterType.GetNonRefType(); 
            if (node.IsLifted) {
                result = TypeUtils.GetNullableType(result); 
            } 
            return result;
        } 

        private sealed class SwitchLabel {
            internal readonly decimal Key;
            internal readonly Label Label; 

            // Boxed version of Key, preseving the original type. 
            internal readonly object Constant; 

            internal SwitchLabel(decimal key, object @constant, Label label) { 
                Key = key;
                Constant = @constant;
                Label = label;
            } 
        }
 
        private sealed class SwitchInfo { 
            internal readonly SwitchExpression Node;
            internal readonly LocalBuilder Value; 
            internal readonly Label Default;
            internal readonly Type Type;
            internal readonly bool IsUnsigned;
            internal readonly bool Is64BitSwitch; 

            internal SwitchInfo(SwitchExpression node, LocalBuilder value, Label @default) { 
                Node = node; 
                Value = value;
                Default = @default; 
                Type = Node.SwitchValue.Type;
                IsUnsigned = TypeUtils.IsUnsigned(Type);
                var code = Type.GetTypeCode(Type);
                Is64BitSwitch = code == TypeCode.UInt64 || code == TypeCode.Int64; 
            }
        } 
 
        private static bool FitsInBucket(List buckets, decimal key, int count) {
            Debug.Assert(key > buckets[buckets.Count - 1].Key); 
            decimal jumpTableSlots = key - buckets[0].Key + 1;
            if (jumpTableSlots > int.MaxValue) {
                return false;
            } 
            // density must be > 50%
            return (buckets.Count + count) * 2 > jumpTableSlots; 
        } 

        private static void MergeBuckets(List> buckets) { 
            while (buckets.Count > 1) {
                List first = buckets[buckets.Count - 2];
                List second = buckets[buckets.Count - 1];
 
                if (!FitsInBucket(first, second[second.Count - 1].Key, second.Count)) {
                    return; 
                } 

                // Merge them 
                first.AddRange(second);
                buckets.RemoveAt(buckets.Count - 1);
            }
        } 

        // Add key to a new or existing bucket 
        private static void AddToBuckets(List> buckets, SwitchLabel key) { 
            if (buckets.Count > 0) {
                List last = buckets[buckets.Count - 1]; 
                if (FitsInBucket(last, key.Key, 1)) {
                    last.Add(key);
                    // we might be able to merge now
                    MergeBuckets(buckets); 
                    return;
                } 
            } 
            // else create a new bucket
            buckets.Add(new List { key }); 
        }

        // Determines if the type is an integer we can switch on.
        private static bool CanOptimizeSwitchType(Type valueType) { 
            // enums & char are allowed
            switch (Type.GetTypeCode(valueType)) { 
                case TypeCode.Byte: 
                case TypeCode.SByte:
                case TypeCode.Char: 
                case TypeCode.Int16:
                case TypeCode.Int32:
                case TypeCode.UInt16:
                case TypeCode.UInt32: 
                case TypeCode.Int64:
                case TypeCode.UInt64: 
                    return true; 
                default:
                    return false; 
            }
        }

        // Tries to emit switch as a jmp table 
        private bool TryEmitSwitchInstruction(SwitchExpression node, CompilationFlags flags) {
            // If we have a comparison, bail 
            if (node.Comparison != null) { 
                return false;
            } 

            // Make sure the switch value type and the right side type
            // are types we can optimize
            Type type = node.SwitchValue.Type; 
            if (!CanOptimizeSwitchType(type) ||
                !TypeUtils.AreEquivalent(type, node.Cases[0].TestValues[0].Type)) { 
                return false; 
            }
 
            // Make sure all test values are constant, or we can't emit the
            // jump table.
            if (!node.Cases.All(c => c.TestValues.All(t => t is ConstantExpression))) {
                return false; 
            }
 
            // 
            // We can emit the optimized switch, let's do it.
            // 

            // Build target labels, collect keys.
            var labels = new Label[node.Cases.Count];
            var isGoto = new bool[node.Cases.Count]; 

            var uniqueKeys = new Set(); 
            var keys = new List(); 
            for (int i = 0; i < node.Cases.Count; i++) {
 
                DefineSwitchCaseLabel(node.Cases[i], out labels[i], out isGoto[i]);

                foreach (ConstantExpression test in node.Cases[i].TestValues) {
                    // Guarenteed to work thanks to CanOptimizeSwitchType. 
                    //
                    // Use decimal because it can hold Int64 or UInt64 without 
                    // precision loss or signed/unsigned conversions. 
                    decimal key = ConvertSwitchValue(test.Value);
 
                    // Only add each key once. If it appears twice, it's
                    // allowed, but can't be reached.
                    if (!uniqueKeys.Contains(key)) {
                        keys.Add(new SwitchLabel(key, test.Value, labels[i])); 
                        uniqueKeys.Add(key);
                    } 
                } 
            }
 
            // Sort the keys, and group them into buckets.
            keys.Sort((x, y) => Math.Sign(x.Key - y.Key));
            var buckets = new List>();
            foreach (var key in keys) { 
                AddToBuckets(buckets, key);
            } 
 
            // Emit the switchValue
            LocalBuilder value = GetLocal(node.SwitchValue.Type); 
            EmitExpression(node.SwitchValue);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value);

            // Create end label, and default label if needed 
            Label end = _ilg.DefineLabel();
            Label @default = (node.DefaultBody == null) ? end : _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
 
            // Emit the switch
            var info = new SwitchInfo(node, value, @default); 
            EmitSwitchBuckets(info, buckets, 0, buckets.Count - 1);

            // Emit the case bodies and default
            EmitSwitchCases(node, labels, isGoto, @default, end, flags); 

            FreeLocal(value); 
            return true; 
        }
 
        private static decimal ConvertSwitchValue(object value) {
            if (value is char) {
                return (int)(char)value;
            } 
            return Convert.ToDecimal(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        } 
 
        /// 
        /// Creates the label for this case. 
        /// Optimization: if the body is just a goto, and we can branch
        /// to it, put the goto target directly in the jump table.
        /// 
        private void DefineSwitchCaseLabel(SwitchCase @case, out Label label, out bool isGoto) { 
            var jump = @case.Body as GotoExpression;
            // if it's a goto with no value 
            if (jump != null && jump.Value == null) { 
                // Reference the label from the switch. This will cause us to
                // analyze the jump target and determine if it is safe. 
                LabelInfo jumpInfo = ReferenceLabel(jump.Target);

                // If we have are allowed to emit the "branch" opcode, then we
                // can jump directly there from the switch's jump table. 
                // (Otherwise, we need to emit the goto later as a "leave".)
                if (jumpInfo.CanBranch) { 
                    label = jumpInfo.Label; 
                    isGoto = true;
                    return; 
                }
            }
            // otherwise, just define a new label
            label = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
            isGoto = false;
        } 
 
        private void EmitSwitchCases(SwitchExpression node, Label[] labels, bool[] isGoto, Label @default, Label end, CompilationFlags flags) {
            // Jump to default (to handle the fallthrough case) 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Br, @default);

            // Emit the cases
            for (int i = 0, n = node.Cases.Count; i < n; i++) { 
                // If the body is a goto, we already emitted an optimized
                // branch directly to it. No need to emit anything else. 
                if (isGoto[i]) { 
                    continue;
                } 

                _ilg.MarkLabel(labels[i]);
                EmitExpressionAsType(node.Cases[i].Body, node.Type, flags);
 
                // Last case doesn't need branch
                if (node.DefaultBody != null || i < n - 1) { 
                    if ((flags & CompilationFlags.EmitAsTailCallMask) == CompilationFlags.EmitAsTail) { 
                        //The switch case is at the tail of the lambda so
                        //it is safe to emit a Ret. 
                        _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
                    } else {
                        _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Br, end);
                    } 
                }
            } 
 
            // Default value
            if (node.DefaultBody != null) { 
                _ilg.MarkLabel(@default);
                EmitExpressionAsType(node.DefaultBody, node.Type, flags);
            }
 
            _ilg.MarkLabel(end);
        } 
 
        private void EmitSwitchBuckets(SwitchInfo info, List> buckets, int first, int last) {
            if (first == last) { 
                EmitSwitchBucket(info, buckets[first]);
                return;
            }
 
            // Split the buckets into two groups, and use an if test to find
            // the right bucket. This ensures we'll only need O(lg(B)) tests 
            // where B is the number of buckets 
            int mid = (int)(((long)first + last + 1) / 2);
 
            if (first == mid - 1) {
                EmitSwitchBucket(info, buckets[first]);
            } else {
                // If the first half contains more than one, we need to emit an 
                // explicit guard
                Label secondHalf = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value); 
                _ilg.EmitConstant(buckets[mid - 1].Last().Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(info.IsUnsigned ? OpCodes.Bgt_Un : OpCodes.Bgt, secondHalf); 
                EmitSwitchBuckets(info, buckets, first, mid - 1);
                _ilg.MarkLabel(secondHalf);
            }
 
            EmitSwitchBuckets(info, buckets, mid, last);
        } 
 
        private void EmitSwitchBucket(SwitchInfo info, List bucket) {
            // No need for switch if we only have one value 
            if (bucket.Count == 1) {
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value);
                _ilg.EmitConstant(bucket[0].Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Beq, bucket[0].Label); 
                return;
            } 
 
            //
            // If we're switching off of Int64/UInt64, we need more guards here 
            // because we'll have to narrow the switch value to an Int32, and
            // we can't do that unless the value is in the right range.
            //
            Label? after = null; 
            if (info.Is64BitSwitch) {
                after = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value); 
                _ilg.EmitConstant(bucket.Last().Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(info.IsUnsigned ? OpCodes.Bgt_Un : OpCodes.Bgt, after.Value); 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value);
                _ilg.EmitConstant(bucket[0].Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(info.IsUnsigned ? OpCodes.Blt_Un : OpCodes.Blt, after.Value);
            } 

            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, info.Value); 
 
            // Normalize key
            decimal key = bucket[0].Key; 
            if (key != 0) {
                _ilg.EmitConstant(bucket[0].Constant);
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Sub);
            } 

            if (info.Is64BitSwitch) { 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I4); 
            }
 
            // Collect labels
            int len = (int)(bucket[bucket.Count - 1].Key - bucket[0].Key + 1);
            Label[] jmpLabels = new Label[len];
 
            // Initialize all labels to the default
            int slot = 0; 
            foreach (SwitchLabel label in bucket) { 
                while (key++ != label.Key) {
                    jmpLabels[slot++] = info.Default; 
                }
                jmpLabels[slot++] = label.Label;
            }
 
            // check we used all keys and filled all slots
            Debug.Assert(key == bucket[bucket.Count - 1].Key + 1); 
            Debug.Assert(slot == jmpLabels.Length); 

            // Finally, emit the switch instruction 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Switch, jmpLabels);

            if (info.Is64BitSwitch) {
                _ilg.MarkLabel(after.Value); 
            }
        } 
 
        private bool TryEmitHashtableSwitch(SwitchExpression node, CompilationFlags flags) {
            // If we have a comparison other than string equality, bail 
            if (node.Comparison != typeof(string).GetMethod("op_Equality", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.ExactBinding, null, new[] { typeof(string), typeof(string) }, null)) {
                return false;
            }
 
            // All test values must be constant.
            int tests = 0; 
            foreach (SwitchCase c in node.Cases) { 
                foreach (Expression t in c.TestValues) {
                    if (!(t is ConstantExpression)) { 
                        return false;
                    }
                    tests++;
                } 
            }
 
            // Must have >= 7 labels for it to be worth it. 
            if (tests < 7) {
                return false; 
            }

            // If we're in a DynamicMethod, we could just build the dictionary
            // immediately. But that would cause the two code paths to be more 
            // different than they really need to be.
            var initializers = new List(tests); 
            var cases = new List(node.Cases.Count); 

            int nullCase = -1; 
            MethodInfo add = typeof(Dictionary).GetMethod("Add", new[] { typeof(string), typeof(int) });
            for (int i = 0, n = node.Cases.Count; i < n; i++) {
                foreach (ConstantExpression t in node.Cases[i].TestValues) {
                    if (t.Value != null) { 
                        initializers.Add(Expression.ElementInit(add, t, Expression.Constant(i)));
                    } else { 
                        nullCase = i; 
                    }
                } 
                cases.Add(Expression.SwitchCase(node.Cases[i].Body, Expression.Constant(i)));
            }

            // Create the field to hold the lazily initialized dictionary 
            MemberExpression dictField = CreateLazyInitializedField>("dictionarySwitch");
 
            // If we happen to initialize it twice (multithreaded case), it's 
            // not the end of the world. The C# compiler does better here by
            // emitting a volatile access to the field. 
            Expression dictInit = Expression.Condition(
                Expression.Equal(dictField, Expression.Constant(null, dictField.Type)),
                Expression.Assign(
                    dictField, 
                    Expression.ListInit(
                        Expression.New( 
                            typeof(Dictionary).GetConstructor(new[] { typeof(int) }), 
                            Expression.Constant(initializers.Count)
                        ), 
                        initializers
                    )
                ),
                dictField 
            );
 
            // 
            // Create a tree like:
            // 
            // switchValue = switchValueExpression;
            // if (switchValue == null) {
            //     switchIndex = nullCase;
            // } else { 
            //     if (_dictField == null) {
            //         _dictField = new Dictionary(count) { { ... }, ... }; 
            //     } 
            //     if (!_dictField.TryGetValue(switchValue, out switchIndex)) {
            //         switchIndex = -1; 
            //     }
            // }
            // switch (switchIndex) {
            //     case 0: ... 
            //     case 1: ...
            //     ... 
            //     default: 
            // }
            // 
            var switchValue = Expression.Variable(typeof(string), "switchValue");
            var switchIndex = Expression.Variable(typeof(int), "switchIndex");
            var reduced = Expression.Block(
                new[] { switchIndex, switchValue }, 
                Expression.Assign(switchValue, node.SwitchValue),
                Expression.IfThenElse( 
                    Expression.Equal(switchValue, Expression.Constant(null, typeof(string))), 
                    Expression.Assign(switchIndex, Expression.Constant(nullCase)),
                    Expression.IfThenElse( 
                        Expression.Call(dictInit, "TryGetValue", null, switchValue, switchIndex),
                        Expression.Empty(),
                        Expression.Assign(switchIndex, Expression.Constant(-1))
                    ) 
                ),
                Expression.Switch(node.Type, switchIndex, node.DefaultBody, null, cases) 
            ); 

            EmitExpression(reduced, flags); 
            return true;
        }

        #endregion 

        private void CheckRethrow() { 
            // Rethrow is only valid inside a catch. 
            for (LabelScopeInfo j = _labelBlock; j != null; j = j.Parent) {
                if (j.Kind == LabelScopeKind.Catch) { 
                    return;
                } else if (j.Kind == LabelScopeKind.Finally) {
                    // Rethrow from inside finally is not verifiable
                    break; 
                }
            } 
            throw Error.RethrowRequiresCatch(); 
        }
 
        #region TryStatement

        private void CheckTry() {
            // Try inside a filter is not verifiable 
            for (LabelScopeInfo j = _labelBlock; j != null; j = j.Parent) {
                if (j.Kind == LabelScopeKind.Filter) { 
                    throw Error.TryNotAllowedInFilter(); 
                }
            } 
        }

        private void EmitSaveExceptionOrPop(CatchBlock cb) {
            if (cb.Variable != null) { 
                // If the variable is present, store the exception
                // in the variable. 
                _scope.EmitSet(cb.Variable); 
            } else {
                // Otherwise, pop it off the stack. 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
            }
        }
 
        private void EmitTryExpression(Expression expr) {
            var node = (TryExpression)expr; 
 
            CheckTry();
 
            //*****************************************************************
            // 1. ENTERING TRY
            //*****************************************************************
 
            PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Try);
            _ilg.BeginExceptionBlock(); 
 
            //*****************************************************************
            // 2. Emit the try statement body 
            //******************************************************************

            EmitExpression(node.Body);
 
            Type tryType = expr.Type;
            LocalBuilder value = null; 
            if (tryType != typeof(void)) { 
                //store the value of the try body
                value = GetLocal(tryType); 
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value);
            }
            //*****************************************************************
            // 3. Emit the catch blocks 
            //******************************************************************
 
            foreach (CatchBlock cb in node.Handlers) { 
                PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Catch);
 
                // Begin the strongly typed exception block
                if (cb.Filter == null) {
                    _ilg.BeginCatchBlock(cb.Test);
                } else { 
                    _ilg.BeginExceptFilterBlock();
                } 
 
                EnterScope(cb);
 
                EmitCatchStart(cb);

                //
                // Emit the catch block body 
                //
                EmitExpression(cb.Body); 
                if (tryType != typeof(void)) { 
                    //store the value of the catch block body
                    _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value); 
                }

                ExitScope(cb);
 
                PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Catch);
            } 
 
            //******************************************************************
            // 4. Emit the finally block 
            //*****************************************************************

            if (node.Finally != null || node.Fault != null) {
                PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Finally); 

                if (node.Finally != null) { 
                    _ilg.BeginFinallyBlock(); 
                } else {
                    _ilg.BeginFaultBlock(); 
                }

                // Emit the body
                EmitExpressionAsVoid(node.Finally ?? node.Fault); 

                _ilg.EndExceptionBlock(); 
                PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Finally); 
            } else {
                _ilg.EndExceptionBlock(); 
            }

            if (tryType != typeof(void)) {
                _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value); 
                FreeLocal(value);
            } 
            PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Try); 
        }
 
        /// 
        /// Emits the start of a catch block.  The exception value that is provided by the
        /// CLR is stored in the variable specified by the catch block or popped if no
        /// variable is provided. 
        /// 
        private void EmitCatchStart(CatchBlock cb) { 
            if (cb.Filter == null) { 
                EmitSaveExceptionOrPop(cb);
                return; 
            }

            // emit filter block. Filter blocks are untyped so we need to do
            // the type check ourselves. 
            Label endFilter = _ilg.DefineLabel();
            Label rightType = _ilg.DefineLabel(); 
 
            // skip if it's not our exception type, but save
            // the exception if it is so it's available to the 
            // filter
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Isinst, cb.Test);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue, rightType); 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0); 
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Br, endFilter); 

            // it's our type, save it and emit the filter. 
            _ilg.MarkLabel(rightType);
            EmitSaveExceptionOrPop(cb);
            PushLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Filter);
            EmitExpression(cb.Filter); 
            PopLabelBlock(LabelScopeKind.Filter);
 
            // begin the catch, clear the exception, we've 
            // already saved it
            _ilg.MarkLabel(endFilter); 
            _ilg.BeginCatchBlock(null);
            _ilg.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
        }
 
        #endregion
    } 
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

                        

Link Menu

Network programming in C#, Network Programming in VB.NET, Network Programming in .NET
This book is available now!
Buy at Amazon US or
Buy at Amazon UK