QueryRewriter.cs source code in C# .NET

Source code for the .NET framework in C#

                        

Code:

/ 4.0 / 4.0 / untmp / DEVDIV_TFS / Dev10 / Releases / RTMRel / ndp / fx / src / DataEntity / System / Data / Map / ViewGeneration / QueryRewriting / QueryRewriter.cs / 1305376 / QueryRewriter.cs

                            //---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
// 
//      Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
// 
// 
// @owner [....]
// @backupOwner [....] 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------- 

using System.Data.Common.Utils; 
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Mapping.ViewGeneration.Validation;
using System.Data.Mapping.ViewGeneration.Structures;
using System.Text; 
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel; 
using System.Data.Mapping.ViewGeneration.Utils; 
using System.Data.Metadata.Edm;
using System.Data.Entity; 
using System.Data.Common.Utils.Boolean;
using System.Linq;

namespace System.Data.Mapping.ViewGeneration.QueryRewriting 
{
    ///  
    /// Uses query rewriting to determine the case statements, top-level WHERE clause, and the "used views" 
    /// for a given type to be generated.
    /// 
    /// Step 1: Method "EnsureIsFullyMapped" goes through the (C) schema metadata and checks whether the query for each
    ///         entity shape can be rewritten from the C fragment queries.
    ///         This step tracks the "used views" which will later be passed to "basic view generation" (i.e., creation of the FOJ/LOJ/IJ/Union relational expressions)
    /// Step 2: GetCaseStatements constructs the required case statements and the top-level WHERE clause. 
    ///         This may add some extra views to "used views".
    ///         Now we know what views are used overall. 
    /// Step 3: We remap _from variables to new _from variables that are renumbered for used views. 
    ///         This is done to comply with the numbering scheme in the old algorithm - and to produce more readable views.
    /// Step 4: From the constructed relational expression (OpCellTree), we can tell whether a top-level WHERE clause is needed or not. 
    ///         (Usually, it's needed only in certain cases for OfType() views.)
    /// 
    internal class QueryRewriter
    { 
        #region Fields
 
        // The following fields are copied from ViewGenContext 
        MemberPath _extentPath;
        MemberDomainMap _domainMap; 
        ConfigViewGenerator _config;
        CqlIdentifiers _identifiers;
        ViewgenContext _context;
 
        // Keeps track of statistics
        RewritingProcessor> _qp; 
        // Key attributes of the current extent in _extentPath 
        List _keyAttributes;
        // Fragment queries, one per LeftCellWrapper 
        List _fragmentQueries = new List();
        List> _views = new List>();

        FragmentQuery _domainQuery; 
        EdmType _generatedType;
        HashSet _usedViews = new HashSet(); 
        List _usedCells = new List(); 
        BoolExpression _topLevelWhereClause;
        CellTreeNode _basicView; 
        Dictionary _caseStatements = new Dictionary();
        ErrorLog _errorLog = new ErrorLog();
        ViewGenerationMode _typesGenerationMode;
 
        #endregion
 
        #region Static variables 

        static Tile TrueViewSurrogate = CreateTile(FragmentQuery.Create(BoolExpression.True)); 

        #endregion

        #region Constructor and main entry point 

        internal QueryRewriter(EdmType generatedType, ViewgenContext context, ViewGenerationMode typesGenerationMode) 
        { 
            Debug.Assert(typesGenerationMode != ViewGenerationMode.GenerateAllViews);
 
            _typesGenerationMode = typesGenerationMode;
            _context = context;
            _generatedType = generatedType;
            _domainMap = context.MemberMaps.LeftDomainMap; 
            _config = context.Config;
            _identifiers = context.CqlIdentifiers; 
            _qp = new RewritingProcessor>(new DefaultTileProcessor(context.LeftFragmentQP)); 
            _extentPath = new MemberPath(context.Extent);
            _keyAttributes = new List(MemberPath.GetKeyMembers(context.Extent, _domainMap)); 

            // populate _fragmentQueries and _views
            foreach (LeftCellWrapper leftCellWrapper in _context.AllWrappersForExtent)
            { 
                FragmentQuery query = leftCellWrapper.FragmentQuery;
                Tile tile = CreateTile(query); 
                _fragmentQueries.Add(query); 
                _views.Add(tile);
            } 
            Debug.Assert(_views.Count > 0);

            AdjustMemberDomainsForUpdateViews();
 
            // must be done after adjusting domains
            _domainQuery = GetDomainQuery(FragmentQueries, generatedType); 
 
            _usedViews = new HashSet();
        } 

        // Generates the components used to assemble and validate the view:
        // (1) case statements
        // (2) top-level where clause 
        // (3) used cells
        // (4) basic view CellTreeNode 
        // (5) dictionary for validation 
        internal void GenerateViewComponents()
        { 
            // make sure everything is mapped (for query views only)
            EnsureExtentIsFullyMapped(_usedViews);

            // (1) case statements 
            GenerateCaseStatements(_domainMap.ConditionMembers(_extentPath.Extent), _usedViews);
 
            AddTrivialCaseStatementsForConditionMembers(); 

            if (_usedViews.Count == 0 || _errorLog.Count > 0) 
            {
                // can't continue: no view will be generated, further validation doesn't make sense
                Debug.Assert(_errorLog.Count > 0);
                ExceptionHelpers.ThrowMappingException(_errorLog, _config); 
            }
 
            // (2) top-level where clause 
            _topLevelWhereClause = GetTopLevelWhereClause(_usedViews);
 
            // some tracing
            if (_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.QueryView)
            {
                TraceVerbose("Used {0} views of {1} total for rewriting", _usedViews.Count, _views.Count); 
            }
            PrintStatistics(_qp); 
 
            // (3) construct the final _from variables
            _usedCells = RemapFromVariables(); 

            // (4) construct basic view
            BasicViewGenerator basicViewGenerator = new BasicViewGenerator(
                _context.MemberMaps.ProjectedSlotMap, _usedCells, 
                _domainQuery, _context, _domainMap, _errorLog, _config);
 
            _basicView = basicViewGenerator.CreateViewExpression(); 

            // a top-level WHERE clause is needed only if the simplifiedView still contains extra tuples 
            bool noWhereClauseNeeded = _context.LeftFragmentQP.IsContainedIn(_basicView.LeftFragmentQuery, _domainQuery);
            if (noWhereClauseNeeded)
            {
                _topLevelWhereClause = BoolExpression.True; 
            }
 
            if (_errorLog.Count > 0) 
            {
                ExceptionHelpers.ThrowMappingException(_errorLog, _config); 
            }
        }

        #endregion 

        #region Properties 
 
        internal ViewgenContext ViewgenContext
        { 
            get { return _context; }
        }

        internal Dictionary CaseStatements 
        {
            get { return _caseStatements; } 
        } 

        internal BoolExpression TopLevelWhereClause 
        {
            get { return _topLevelWhereClause; }
        }
 
        internal CellTreeNode BasicView
        { 
            get 
            {
                // create a copy so the original won't get modified when Simplifier.Simplify is called on it 
                return _basicView.MakeCopy();
            }
        }
 
        internal List UsedCells
        { 
            get { return _usedCells; } 
        }
 
        private IEnumerable FragmentQueries
        {
            get { return _fragmentQueries; }
        } 

        #endregion 
 
        #region Main logic
 
        private IEnumerable GetDomain(MemberPath currentPath)
        {
            if (_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.QueryView && MemberPath.EqualityComparer.Equals(currentPath, _extentPath))
            { 
                IEnumerable types;
                if (_typesGenerationMode == ViewGenerationMode.OfTypeOnlyViews) 
                { 
                    Debug.Assert(!Helper.IsRefType(_generatedType));
                    HashSet type = new HashSet(); 
                    type.Add(_generatedType);
                    types = type;
                }
                else 
                {
                    types = MetadataHelper.GetTypeAndSubtypesOf(_generatedType, _context.EdmItemCollection, false /* don't include abstract types */); 
                } 
                return GetTypeConstants(types);
            } 
            return _domainMap.GetDomain(currentPath);
        }

        // NULL/default and NOT(...) values in cell constant domains for update views may be unused. 
        // If we don't detect that and remove them, we can suboptimal (but still correct) update views.
        // (For example, SProducts1 in NotNullCorrect.msl has an unused constant NOT("Camera", NULL), which results in a gratuitous join. 
        // That join could be eliminated due to 1:1 association on C side). 
        // To determine that a constant is unused, we first try to obtain the S-side rewriting for it.
        // If that succeeds, we unfold C-queries, i.e., create OpCellTree for found rewritings, 
        // and check whether these are unsatisfiable.
        // If they indeed are unsatisfiable, we eliminate the constants from the domainMap.
        private void AdjustMemberDomainsForUpdateViews()
        { 
            switch (_context.ViewTarget)
            { 
                case ViewTarget.UpdateView: 
                    {
                        // materialize members in a list so we can modify _domainMap later on 
                        List members = new List(_domainMap.ConditionMembers(_extentPath.Extent));
                        foreach (MemberPath currentPath in members)
                        {
                            // try to remove default value followed by negated value, in this order 
                            IEnumerable oldDomain = _domainMap.GetDomain(currentPath);
                            Constant defaultValue = oldDomain.FirstOrDefault(domainValue => IsDefaultValue(domainValue, currentPath)); 
                            if (defaultValue != null) 
                            {
                                RemoveUnusedValueFromStoreDomain(defaultValue, currentPath); 
                            }
                            oldDomain = _domainMap.GetDomain(currentPath); // is case has changed
                            Constant negatedValue = oldDomain.FirstOrDefault(domainValue => domainValue is NegatedConstant);
                            if (negatedValue != null) 
                            {
                                RemoveUnusedValueFromStoreDomain(negatedValue, currentPath); 
                            } 
                        }
                        break; 
                    }
            }
        }
 
        private void RemoveUnusedValueFromStoreDomain(Constant domainValue, MemberPath currentPath)
        { 
            // construct WHERE clause for this value 
            BoolExpression domainWhereClause = CreateMemberCondition(currentPath, domainValue);
 
            // get a rewriting for CASE statements by not requesting any attributes beyond key
            Tile caseRewriting;
            HashSet outputUsedViews = new HashSet();
            bool isUsedValue = false; 
            if (FindRewritingAndUsedViews(_keyAttributes, domainWhereClause, outputUsedViews, out caseRewriting))
            { 
                // check whether this rewriting is indeed satisfiable using C-side fragment views 
                // If we wanted to force retention of all negated constants, we could use:
                // if (domainValue is NegatedCellConstant) { isUsedValue = true; } else {...} 
                CellTreeNode cellTree = TileToCellTree((Tile)caseRewriting, _context);
                isUsedValue = !cellTree.IsEmptyRightFragmentQuery;
            }
 
            if (!isUsedValue)
            { 
                Set newDomain = new Set(_domainMap.GetDomain(currentPath), Constant.EqualityComparer); 
                newDomain.Remove(domainValue);
                TraceVerbose("Shrunk domain of column {0} from {1} to {2}", currentPath, _domainMap.GetDomain(currentPath), newDomain); 
                _domainMap.UpdateConditionMemberDomain(currentPath, newDomain);
                // Update the WHERE clauses of all fragment queries
                // Since these are pointers to the respective WHERE clauses in S-side cell queries, those get updated automatically
                foreach (FragmentQuery query in _fragmentQueries) 
                {
                    query.Condition.FixDomainMap(_domainMap); 
                } 
            }
        } 

        // determine the domain query, i.e., the query that returns all keys of the extent to be populated
        internal FragmentQuery GetDomainQuery(IEnumerable fragmentQueries, EdmType generatedType)
        { 
            BoolExpression domainQueryCondition = null;
            if (_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.QueryView) 
            { 
                if (generatedType == null)
                { 
                    // domainQuery for entire extent: True
                    domainQueryCondition = BoolExpression.True;
                }
                else // domainQuery for specific type: WHERE type(path) IS OF (Type) 
                {
                    //If Mode is OFTypeOnlyViews then don't get subtypes 
                    IEnumerable derivedTypes; 
                    if (_typesGenerationMode == ViewGenerationMode.OfTypeOnlyViews)
                    { 
                        Debug.Assert(!Helper.IsRefType(_generatedType));
                        HashSet type = new HashSet();
                        type.Add(_generatedType);
                        derivedTypes = type; 
                    }
                    else 
                    { 
                        derivedTypes = MetadataHelper.GetTypeAndSubtypesOf(generatedType, _context.EdmItemCollection, false /* don't include abstract types */);
                    } 

                    Domain typeDomain = new Domain(GetTypeConstants(derivedTypes), _domainMap.GetDomain(_extentPath));
                    domainQueryCondition = BoolExpression.CreateLiteral(new TypeRestriction(new MemberProjectedSlot(_extentPath), typeDomain), _domainMap);
                } 
                return FragmentQuery.Create(_keyAttributes, domainQueryCondition);
            } 
            else // for update views, domain query = exposed tiles 
            {
                IEnumerable whereClauses = from fragmentQuery in fragmentQueries 
                                                           select fragmentQuery.Condition;

                BoolExpression exposedRegionCondition = BoolExpression.CreateOr(whereClauses.ToArray());
                return FragmentQuery.Create(_keyAttributes, exposedRegionCondition); 
            }
        } 
 
        // returns true when the case statement is completed
        private bool AddRewritingToCaseStatement(Tile rewriting, CaseStatement caseStatement, MemberPath currentPath, Constant domainValue) 
        {
            BoolExpression whenCondition = BoolExpression.True;
            // check whether the rewriting is always true or always false
            // if it's always true, we don't need any other WHEN clauses in the case statement 
            // if it's always false, we don't need to add this WHEN clause to the case statement
            // given: domainQuery is satisfied. Check (domainQuery -> rewriting) 
            bool isAlwaysTrue = _qp.IsContainedIn(CreateTile(_domainQuery), rewriting); 
            bool isAlwaysFalse = _qp.IsDisjointFrom(CreateTile(_domainQuery), rewriting);
            Debug.Assert(!(isAlwaysTrue && isAlwaysFalse)); 
            if (isAlwaysFalse)
            {
                return false; // don't need an unsatisfiable WHEN clause
            } 
            if (isAlwaysTrue)
            { 
                Debug.Assert(caseStatement.Clauses.Count == 0); 
            }
 
            ProjectedSlot projectedSlot;
            if (domainValue.HasNotNull())
            {
                projectedSlot = new MemberProjectedSlot(currentPath); 
            }
            else 
            { 
                projectedSlot = new ConstantProjectedSlot(domainValue);
            } 

            if (!isAlwaysTrue)
            {
                whenCondition = TileToBoolExpr((Tile)rewriting); 
            }
            else 
            { 
                whenCondition = BoolExpression.True;
            } 
            caseStatement.AddWhenThen(whenCondition, projectedSlot);

            return isAlwaysTrue;
        } 

        // make sure that we can find a rewriting for each possible entity shape appearing in an extent 
        // Possible optimization for OfType view generation: 
        // Cache "used views" for each (currentPath, domainValue) combination
        private void EnsureConfigurationIsFullyMapped(MemberPath currentPath, 
                                                      BoolExpression currentWhereClause,
                                                      HashSet outputUsedViews,
                                                      ErrorLog errorLog)
        { 
            foreach (Constant domainValue in GetDomain(currentPath))
            { 
                if (domainValue == Constant.Undefined) 
                {
                    continue; // no point in trying to recover a situation that can never happen 
                }
                TraceVerbose("REWRITING FOR {0}={1}", currentPath, domainValue);

                // construct WHERE clause for this value 
                BoolExpression domainAddedWhereClause = CreateMemberCondition(currentPath, domainValue);
                // AND the current where clause to it 
                BoolExpression domainWhereClause = BoolExpression.CreateAnd(currentWhereClause, domainAddedWhereClause); 

                // first check whether we can recover instances of this type - don't care about the attributes - to produce a helpful error message 
                Tile rewriting;
                if (false == FindRewritingAndUsedViews(_keyAttributes, domainWhereClause, outputUsedViews, out rewriting))
                {
                    if (!ErrorPatternMatcher.FindMappingErrors(_context, _domainMap, _errorLog)) 
                    {
                        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); 
                        string extentName = StringUtil.FormatInvariant("{0}", _extentPath); 
                        BoolExpression whereClause = rewriting.Query.Condition;
                        whereClause.ExpensiveSimplify(); 
                        if (whereClause.RepresentsAllTypeConditions)
                        {
                            string tableString = Strings.ViewGen_Extent;
                            builder.AppendLine(Strings.ViewGen_Cannot_Recover_Types_1(tableString, extentName)); 
                        }
                        else 
                        { 
                            string entitiesString = Strings.ViewGen_Entities;
                            builder.AppendLine(Strings.ViewGen_Cannot_Disambiguate_MultiConstant_2(entitiesString, extentName)); 
                        }
                        RewritingValidator.EntityConfigurationToUserString(whereClause, builder);
                        ErrorLog.Record record = new ErrorLog.Record(true, ViewGenErrorCode.AmbiguousMultiConstants, builder.ToString(), _context.AllWrappersForExtent, String.Empty);
                        errorLog.AddEntry(record); 
                    }
                } 
                else 
                {
                    TypeConstant typeConstant = domainValue as TypeConstant; 
                    if (typeConstant != null)
                    {
                        // we are enumerating types
                        EdmType edmType = typeConstant.CdmType; 
                        // If can recover the type, make sure can get all the necessary attributes (key is included for EntityTypes)
 
                        List nonConditionalAttributes = GetNonConditionalScalarMembers(edmType, currentPath, _domainMap).Union(GetNonConditionalComplexMembers(edmType, currentPath, _domainMap)).ToList(); 
                        IEnumerable notCoverdAttributes;
                        if (nonConditionalAttributes.Count > 0 && 
                            !FindRewritingAndUsedViews(nonConditionalAttributes, domainWhereClause, outputUsedViews, out rewriting, out notCoverdAttributes))
                        {
                            //Error: No mapping specified for some attributes
                            // remove keys 
                            nonConditionalAttributes = new List(nonConditionalAttributes.Where(a => !a.IsPartOfKey));
                            Debug.Assert(nonConditionalAttributes.Count > 0, "Must have caught key-only case earlier"); 
 
                            AddUnrecoverableAttributesError(notCoverdAttributes, domainAddedWhereClause, errorLog);
                        } 
                        else
                        {
                            // recurse into complex members
                            foreach (MemberPath complexMember in GetConditionalComplexMembers(edmType, currentPath, _domainMap)) 
                            {
                                EnsureConfigurationIsFullyMapped(complexMember, domainWhereClause, outputUsedViews, errorLog); 
                            } 
                            // recurse into scalar members
                            foreach (MemberPath scalarMember in GetConditionalScalarMembers(edmType, currentPath, _domainMap)) 
                            {
                                EnsureConfigurationIsFullyMapped(scalarMember, domainWhereClause, outputUsedViews, errorLog);
                            }
                        } 
                    }
                } 
            } 
        }
 
        private static List GetTypeBasedMemberPathList(IEnumerable nonConditionalScalarAttributes)
        {
            Debug.Assert(nonConditionalScalarAttributes != null);
            List typeBasedMembers = new List(); 
            foreach (MemberPath memberPath in nonConditionalScalarAttributes)
            { 
                EdmMember member = memberPath.LeafEdmMember; 
                typeBasedMembers.Add(member.DeclaringType.Name + "." + member);
            } 
            return typeBasedMembers;
        }

        private void AddUnrecoverableAttributesError(IEnumerable attributes, BoolExpression domainAddedWhereClause, ErrorLog errorLog) 
        {
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); 
            string extentName = StringUtil.FormatInvariant("{0}", _extentPath); 
            string tableString = Strings.ViewGen_Extent;
            string attributesString = StringUtil.ToCommaSeparatedString(GetTypeBasedMemberPathList(attributes)); 
            builder.AppendLine(Strings.ViewGen_Cannot_Recover_Attributes_2(attributesString, tableString, extentName));
            RewritingValidator.EntityConfigurationToUserString(domainAddedWhereClause, builder);
            ErrorLog.Record record = new ErrorLog.Record(true, ViewGenErrorCode.AttributesUnrecoverable, builder.ToString(), _context.AllWrappersForExtent, String.Empty);
            errorLog.AddEntry(record); 
        }
 
 
        private void GenerateCaseStatements(IEnumerable members,
                                            HashSet outputUsedViews) 
        {
            // Compute right domain query - non-simplified version of "basic view"
            // It is used below to check whether we need a default value in a case statement
            IEnumerable usedCells = _context.AllWrappersForExtent.Where(w => _usedViews.Contains(w.FragmentQuery)); 
            CellTreeNode rightDomainQuery = new OpCellTreeNode(
                _context, CellTreeOpType.Union, 
                usedCells.Select(wrapper => new LeafCellTreeNode(_context, wrapper)).ToArray()); 

            foreach (MemberPath currentPath in members) 
            {
                // Add the types can member have, i.e., its type and its subtypes
                List domain = GetDomain(currentPath).ToList();
                CaseStatement caseStatement = new CaseStatement(currentPath); 

                Tile unionCaseRewriting = null; 
 
                // optimization for domain = {NULL, NOT_NULL}
                // Create a single case: WHEN True THEN currentPath 
                // Reason: if the WHEN condition is not satisfied (say because of LOJ), then currentPath = NULL
                bool needCaseStatement =
                  !(domain.Count == 2 &&
                    domain.Contains(Constant.Null, Constant.EqualityComparer) && 
                    domain.Contains(Constant.NotNull, Constant.EqualityComparer));
                { 
                    // go over the domain 
                    foreach (Constant domainValue in domain)
                    { 
                        if (domainValue == Constant.Undefined && _context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.QueryView)
                        {
                            // we cannot assume closed domain for query views;
                            // if obtaining undefined is possible, we need to account for that 
                            caseStatement.AddWhenThen(BoolExpression.False /* arbitrary condition */,
                                                      new ConstantProjectedSlot(Constant.Undefined)); 
                            continue; 
                        }
                        TraceVerbose("CASE STATEMENT FOR {0}={1}", currentPath, domainValue); 

                        // construct WHERE clause for this value
                        FragmentQuery memberConditionQuery = CreateMemberConditionQuery(currentPath, domainValue);
 
                        Tile caseRewriting;
                        if (FindRewritingAndUsedViews(memberConditionQuery.Attributes, memberConditionQuery.Condition, outputUsedViews, out caseRewriting)) 
                        { 
                            if (_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.UpdateView)
                            { 
                                unionCaseRewriting = (unionCaseRewriting != null) ? _qp.Union(unionCaseRewriting, caseRewriting) : caseRewriting;
                            }

                            if (needCaseStatement) 
                            {
                                bool isAlwaysTrue = AddRewritingToCaseStatement(caseRewriting, caseStatement, currentPath, domainValue); 
                                if (isAlwaysTrue) 
                                {
                                    break; 
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else 
                        {
                            if (!IsDefaultValue(domainValue, currentPath)) 
                            { 
                                Debug.Assert(_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.UpdateView || !_config.IsValidationEnabled);
 

                                if (!ErrorPatternMatcher.FindMappingErrors(_context, _domainMap, _errorLog))
                                {
                                    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); 
                                    string extentName = StringUtil.FormatInvariant("{0}", _extentPath);
                                    string objectString = _context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.QueryView ? 
                                        Strings.ViewGen_Entities : Strings.ViewGen_Tuples; 

                                    if (_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.QueryView) 
                                    {
                                        builder.AppendLine(Strings.Viewgen_CannotGenerateQueryViewUnderNoValidation(extentName));
                                    }
                                    else 
                                    {
                                        builder.AppendLine(Strings.ViewGen_Cannot_Disambiguate_MultiConstant_2(objectString, extentName)); 
                                    } 
                                    RewritingValidator.EntityConfigurationToUserString(memberConditionQuery.Condition, builder, _context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.UpdateView);
                                    ErrorLog.Record record = new ErrorLog.Record(true, ViewGenErrorCode.AmbiguousMultiConstants, builder.ToString(), _context.AllWrappersForExtent, String.Empty); 
                                    _errorLog.AddEntry(record);
                                }
                            }
                        } 
                    }
                } 
 
                if (_errorLog.Count == 0)
                { 
                    // for update views, add WHEN True THEN defaultValue
                    // which will ultimately be translated into a (possibly implicit) ELSE clause
                    if (_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.UpdateView && needCaseStatement)
                    { 
                        AddElseDefaultToCaseStatement(currentPath, caseStatement, domain, rightDomainQuery, unionCaseRewriting);
                    } 
 
                    if (caseStatement.Clauses.Count > 0)
                    { 
                        TraceVerbose("{0}", caseStatement.ToString());
                        _caseStatements[currentPath] = caseStatement;
                    }
                } 
            }
        } 
 
        private void AddElseDefaultToCaseStatement(MemberPath currentPath, CaseStatement caseStatement, List domain,
                                                   CellTreeNode rightDomainQuery, Tile unionCaseRewriting) 
        {
            Debug.Assert(_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.UpdateView, "Used for update views only");

            Constant defaultValue; 
            bool hasDefaultValue = Domain.TryGetDefaultValueForMemberPath(currentPath, out defaultValue);
 
            if (false == hasDefaultValue || false == domain.Contains(defaultValue)) 
            {
                Debug.Assert(unionCaseRewriting != null, "No union of rewritings for case statements"); 
                CellTreeNode unionTree = TileToCellTree(unionCaseRewriting, _context);
                FragmentQuery configurationNeedsDefault = _context.RightFragmentQP.Difference(rightDomainQuery.RightFragmentQuery, unionTree.RightFragmentQuery);

                if (_context.RightFragmentQP.IsSatisfiable(configurationNeedsDefault)) 
                {
                    if (hasDefaultValue) 
                    { 
                        caseStatement.AddWhenThen(BoolExpression.True, new ConstantProjectedSlot(defaultValue));
                    } 
                    else
                    {
                        configurationNeedsDefault.Condition.ExpensiveSimplify();
                        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); 
                        builder.AppendLine(Entity.Strings.ViewGen_No_Default_Value_For_Configuration_0(currentPath.PathToString(false /* for alias */)));
                        RewritingValidator.EntityConfigurationToUserString(configurationNeedsDefault.Condition, builder); 
                        _errorLog.AddEntry(new ErrorLog.Record(true, ViewGenErrorCode.NoDefaultValue, builder.ToString(), _context.AllWrappersForExtent, String.Empty)); 
                    }
                } 
            }
        }

        // construct top-level WHERE clause 
        private BoolExpression GetTopLevelWhereClause(HashSet outputUsedViews)
        { 
            BoolExpression topLevelWhereClause = BoolExpression.True; 
            if (_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.QueryView)
            { 
                // check whether a top-level query is needed
                if (!_domainQuery.Condition.IsTrue)
                {
                    Tile topLevelRewriting; 
                    if (FindRewritingAndUsedViews(_keyAttributes, _domainQuery.Condition, outputUsedViews, out topLevelRewriting))
                    { 
                        topLevelWhereClause = TileToBoolExpr(topLevelRewriting); 
                        topLevelWhereClause.ExpensiveSimplify();
                    } 
                    else
                    {
                        Debug.Fail("Can't happen if EnsureExtentIsFullyMapped succeeded");
                    } 
                }
            } 
            return topLevelWhereClause; 
        }
 
        // This makes sure that the mapping describes how to store all C-side data,
        // i.e., the view given by C-side cell queries is injective
        internal void EnsureExtentIsFullyMapped(HashSet outputUsedViews)
        { 
            if (_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.QueryView && _config.IsValidationEnabled)
            { 
 
                // Run the check below for OfType views too so we can determine
                // what views are used (low overhead due to caching of rewritings) 
                EnsureConfigurationIsFullyMapped(_extentPath, BoolExpression.True, outputUsedViews, _errorLog);
                if (_errorLog.Count > 0)
                {
                    ExceptionHelpers.ThrowMappingException(_errorLog, _config); 
                }
 
            } 
            else
            { 
                if (_config.IsValidationEnabled)
                {
                    // Ensure that non-nullable, no-default attributes are always populated properly
                    foreach (MemberPath memberPath in _context.MemberMaps.ProjectedSlotMap.Members) 
                    {
                        Constant defaultConstant; 
                        if (memberPath.IsScalarType() && 
                            !memberPath.IsPartOfKey &&
                            !_domainMap.IsConditionMember(memberPath) && 
                            !Domain.TryGetDefaultValueForMemberPath(memberPath, out defaultConstant))
                        {
                            HashSet attributes = new HashSet(_keyAttributes);
                            attributes.Add(memberPath); 
                            foreach (LeftCellWrapper leftCellWrapper in _context.AllWrappersForExtent)
                            { 
                                FragmentQuery fragmentQuery = leftCellWrapper.FragmentQuery; 

                                FragmentQuery tileQuery = new FragmentQuery(fragmentQuery.Description, fragmentQuery.FromVariable, 
                                                                            attributes, fragmentQuery.Condition);
                                Tile noNullToAvoid = CreateTile(FragmentQuery.Create(_keyAttributes, BoolExpression.CreateNot(fragmentQuery.Condition)));
                                Tile noNullRewriting;
                                IEnumerable notCoveredAttributes; 
                                if (!RewriteQuery(CreateTile(tileQuery), noNullToAvoid, /*_views,*/ out noNullRewriting, out notCoveredAttributes, false /* isRelaxed */))
                                { 
                                    // force error 
                                    Domain.GetDefaultValueForMemberPath(memberPath, new LeftCellWrapper[] { leftCellWrapper }, _config);
                                } 
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } 

                // find a rewriting for each tile 
                // some of the views may be redundant and unused 
                foreach (Tile toFill in _views)
                { 
                    Tile rewriting;
                    Tile toAvoid = CreateTile(FragmentQuery.Create(_keyAttributes, BoolExpression.CreateNot(toFill.Query.Condition)));
                    IEnumerable notCoveredAttributes;
                    bool found = RewriteQuery(toFill, toAvoid, out rewriting, out notCoveredAttributes, true /* isRelaxed */); 

                    //Must be able to find the rewriting since the query is one of the views 
                    // otherwise it means condition on the fragment is not satisfiable 
                    if (!found)
                    { 
                        LeftCellWrapper fragment = _context.AllWrappersForExtent.First(lcr => lcr.FragmentQuery.Equals(toFill.Query));
                        Debug.Assert(fragment != null);

                        ErrorLog.Record record = new ErrorLog.Record(true, ViewGenErrorCode.ImpopssibleCondition, Strings.Viewgen_QV_RewritingNotFound(fragment.RightExtent.ToString()), fragment.Cells, String.Empty); 
                        _errorLog.AddEntry(record);
                    } 
                    else 
                    {
                        outputUsedViews.UnionWith(rewriting.GetNamedQueries()); 
                    }
                }

            } 

        } 
 
        // Modifies _caseStatements and _topLevelWhereClause
        private List RemapFromVariables() 
        {
            List usedCells = new List();
            // remap CellIdBooleans appearing in WHEN clauses and in topLevelWhereClause so the first used cell = 0, second = 1, etc.
            // This ordering is exploited in CQL generation 
            int newNumber = 0;
            Dictionary literalRemap = new Dictionary(BoolLiteral.EqualityIdentifierComparer); 
            foreach (LeftCellWrapper leftCellWrapper in _context.AllWrappersForExtent) 
            {
                if (_usedViews.Contains(leftCellWrapper.FragmentQuery)) 
                {
                    usedCells.Add(leftCellWrapper);
                    int oldNumber = leftCellWrapper.OnlyInputCell.CellNumber;
                    if (newNumber != oldNumber) 
                    {
                        literalRemap[new CellIdBoolean(_identifiers, oldNumber)] = new CellIdBoolean(_identifiers, newNumber); 
                    } 
                    newNumber++;
                } 
            }

            if (literalRemap.Count > 0)
            { 
                // Remap _from literals in WHERE clause
                _topLevelWhereClause = _topLevelWhereClause.RemapLiterals(literalRemap); 
 
                // Remap _from literals in case statements
                Dictionary newCaseStatements = new Dictionary(); 
                foreach (var entry in _caseStatements)
                {
                    CaseStatement newCaseStatement = new CaseStatement(entry.Key);
                    Debug.Assert(entry.Value.ElseValue == null); 
                    foreach (CaseStatement.WhenThen clause in entry.Value.Clauses)
                    { 
                        newCaseStatement.AddWhenThen(clause.Condition.RemapLiterals(literalRemap), clause.Value); 
                    }
                    newCaseStatements[entry.Key] = newCaseStatement; 
                }
                _caseStatements = newCaseStatements;
            }
            return usedCells; 
        }
 
        // for backward compatibility: add (WHEN True THEN Type) for non-scalar types 
        internal void AddTrivialCaseStatementsForConditionMembers()
        { 
            for (int memberNum = 0; memberNum < _context.MemberMaps.ProjectedSlotMap.Count; memberNum++)
            {
                MemberPath memberPath = _context.MemberMaps.ProjectedSlotMap[memberNum];
                if (!memberPath.IsScalarType() && !_caseStatements.ContainsKey(memberPath)) 
                {
                    Constant typeConstant = new TypeConstant(memberPath.EdmType); 
                    { 
                        CaseStatement caseStmt = new CaseStatement(memberPath);
                        caseStmt.AddWhenThen(BoolExpression.True, new ConstantProjectedSlot(typeConstant)); 
                        _caseStatements[memberPath] = caseStmt;
                    }
                }
            } 
        }
 
        #endregion 

        #region Computing rewriting 

        // Find rewriting for query SELECT  WHERE  FROM _extentPath
        // and add view appearing in rewriting to outputUsedViews
        private bool FindRewritingAndUsedViews(IEnumerable attributes, BoolExpression whereClause, 
                                               HashSet outputUsedViews, out Tile rewriting)
        { 
            IEnumerable notCoveredAttributes; 
            return FindRewritingAndUsedViews(attributes, whereClause, outputUsedViews, out rewriting,
                                               out notCoveredAttributes); 
        }

        // Find rewriting for query SELECT  WHERE  FROM _extentPath
        // and add view appearing in rewriting to outputUsedViews 
        private bool FindRewritingAndUsedViews(IEnumerable attributes, BoolExpression whereClause,
                                               HashSet outputUsedViews, out Tile rewriting, 
                                               out IEnumerable notCoveredAttributes) 
        {
            if (FindRewriting(attributes, whereClause, out rewriting, out notCoveredAttributes)) 
            {
                outputUsedViews.UnionWith(rewriting.GetNamedQueries());
                return true;
            } 
            return false;
        } 
 
        // Find rewriting for query SELECT  WHERE  FROM _extentPath
        private bool FindRewriting(IEnumerable attributes, BoolExpression whereClause, 
                                   out Tile rewriting, out IEnumerable notCoveredAttributes)
        {
            Tile toFill = CreateTile(FragmentQuery.Create(attributes, whereClause));
            Debug.Assert(toFill.Query.Attributes.Count > 0, "Query has no attributes?"); 
            Tile toAvoid = CreateTile(FragmentQuery.Create(_keyAttributes, BoolExpression.CreateNot(whereClause)));
 
            bool isRelaxed = (_context.ViewTarget == ViewTarget.UpdateView); 
            bool found = RewriteQuery(toFill, toAvoid, out rewriting, out notCoveredAttributes, isRelaxed);
            Debug.Assert(!found || rewriting.GetNamedQueries().All(q => q != TrueViewSurrogate.Query), 
                         "TrueViewSurrogate should have been substituted");
            return found;
        }
 
        private bool RewriteQuery(Tile toFill, Tile toAvoid, out Tile rewriting, out IEnumerable notCoveredAttributes,
            bool isRelaxed) 
        { 
            notCoveredAttributes = new List();
            // first, find a rewriting for WHERE clause only 
            FragmentQuery toFillQuery = toFill.Query;
            if (_context.TryGetCachedRewriting(toFillQuery, out rewriting))
            {
                TraceVerbose("Cached rewriting {0}: {1}", toFill, rewriting); 
                return true; // query with attributes is already cached
            } 
 
            // Filter the relevant views. These may include a TrueSurrogate view
            IEnumerable> relevantViews = GetRelevantViews(toFillQuery, isRelaxed); 
            FragmentQuery originalToFillQuery = toFillQuery;

            if (!RewriteQueryCached(CreateTile(FragmentQuery.Create(toFillQuery.Condition)), toAvoid, relevantViews, out rewriting))
            { 
                if (isRelaxed)
                { 
                    // don't give up quite yet 
                    toFillQuery = FragmentQuery.Create(toFillQuery.Attributes, BoolExpression.CreateAndNot(toFillQuery.Condition, rewriting.Query.Condition));
                    if (_qp.IsEmpty(CreateTile(toFillQuery)) || 
                        !RewriteQueryCached(CreateTile(FragmentQuery.Create(toFillQuery.Condition)), toAvoid, relevantViews, out rewriting))
                    {
                        return false; // finally give up
                    } 
                }
                else 
                { 
                    return false;
                } 
            }
            if (toFillQuery.Attributes.Count == 0)
            {
                // return w/o trying to remove TrueSurrogate from view - it's an attribute-less view 
                // we keep TrueSurrogate there because it may be expanded in various ways for
                // different projected attributes 
                return true; 
            }
 
            // now we have the rewriting for WHERE
            Dictionary attributeConditions = new Dictionary();
            foreach (MemberPath attribute in NonKeys(toFillQuery.Attributes))
            { 
                attributeConditions[attribute] = toFillQuery;
            } 
            if (attributeConditions.Count == 0 || CoverAttributes(ref rewriting, toFillQuery, attributeConditions)) 
            {
                GetUsedViewsAndRemoveTrueSurrogate(ref rewriting); 
                _context.SetCachedRewriting(originalToFillQuery, rewriting);
                return true; // all attributes are covered
            }
            else if (isRelaxed) 
            {
                // re-initialize attributeConditions by subtracting the remaining attributes to cover 
                foreach (MemberPath attribute in NonKeys(toFillQuery.Attributes)) 
                {
                    FragmentQuery remainingCondition; 
                    if (attributeConditions.TryGetValue(attribute, out remainingCondition))
                    {
                        attributeConditions[attribute] = FragmentQuery.Create(BoolExpression.CreateAndNot(toFillQuery.Condition, remainingCondition.Condition));
                    } 
                    else
                    { 
                        attributeConditions[attribute] = toFillQuery; 
                    }
                } 
                if (CoverAttributes(ref rewriting, toFillQuery, attributeConditions))
                {
                    GetUsedViewsAndRemoveTrueSurrogate(ref rewriting);
                    _context.SetCachedRewriting(originalToFillQuery, rewriting); 
                    return true;
                } 
            } 
            notCoveredAttributes = attributeConditions.Keys;
            return false; 
        }

        // input views may contain TrueSurrogate
        private bool RewriteQueryCached(Tile toFill, Tile toAvoid, 
                                        IEnumerable> views, out Tile rewriting)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(toFill.Query.Attributes.Count == 0, "This method is used for attribute-less queries only"); 

            if (!_context.TryGetCachedRewriting(toFill.Query, out rewriting)) 
            {
                bool hasRewriting = _qp.RewriteQuery(toFill, toAvoid, views, out rewriting);
                TraceVerbose("Computed rewriting {0}: {1}", toFill, rewriting);
                if (hasRewriting) 
                {
                    _context.SetCachedRewriting(toFill.Query, rewriting); 
                } 
                return hasRewriting;
            } 
            TraceVerbose("Cached rewriting {0}: {1}", toFill, rewriting);
            return true;
        }
 
        private bool CoverAttributes(ref Tile rewriting, FragmentQuery toFillQuery,
            Dictionary attributeConditions) 
        { 
            // first, account for already used views
            HashSet usedViews = new HashSet(rewriting.GetNamedQueries()); 
            Debug.Assert(usedViews.Count > 0);
            //List usedViewsList = new List(usedViews);
            //usedViewsList.Sort(FragmentQuery.GetComparer(toFillQuery.Attributes));
            foreach (FragmentQuery view in usedViews) 
            {
                foreach (MemberPath projectedAttribute in NonKeys(view.Attributes)) 
                { 
                    CoverAttribute(projectedAttribute, view, attributeConditions, toFillQuery);
                } 
                if (attributeConditions.Count == 0)
                {
                    return true; // we are done
                } 
            }
            // still need to fill some attributes 
            Tile attributeTile = null; 
            foreach (FragmentQuery view in _fragmentQueries)
            { 
                foreach (MemberPath projectedAttribute in NonKeys(view.Attributes))
                {
                    if (CoverAttribute(projectedAttribute, view, attributeConditions, toFillQuery))
                    { 
                        attributeTile = (attributeTile == null) ? CreateTile(view) : _qp.Union(attributeTile, CreateTile(view));
                    } 
                } 
                if (attributeConditions.Count == 0)
                { 
                    break; // we are done!
                }
            }
            if (attributeConditions.Count == 0) 
            {
                // yes, we covered all attributes 
                Debug.Assert(attributeTile != null); 
                rewriting = _qp.Join(rewriting, attributeTile);
                return true; 
            }
            else
            {
                // create rewriting that we couldn't satisfy 
                return false; // couldn't cover some attribute(s)
            } 
        } 

        // returns true if the view is useful for covering the projected attribute 
        private bool CoverAttribute(MemberPath projectedAttribute, FragmentQuery view, Dictionary attributeConditions, FragmentQuery toFillQuery)
        {
            FragmentQuery currentAttributeCondition;
            if (attributeConditions.TryGetValue(projectedAttribute, out currentAttributeCondition)) 
            {
                currentAttributeCondition = FragmentQuery.Create(BoolExpression.CreateAndNot(currentAttributeCondition.Condition, view.Condition)); 
                if (_qp.IsEmpty(CreateTile(currentAttributeCondition))) 
                {
                    // this attribute is covered! remove it from the list 
                    attributeConditions.Remove(projectedAttribute);
                }
                else
                { 
                    attributeConditions[projectedAttribute] = currentAttributeCondition;
                } 
                return true; 
            }
            return false; 
        }

        private IEnumerable> GetRelevantViews(FragmentQuery query, bool isRelaxed)
        { 
            // Step 1:
            // Determine connected and directly/indirectly connected variables 
            // Directly connected variables: those that appear in query's WHERE clause 
            // Indirectly connected variables: directly connected variables + variables in all views that contain directly connected variables
            // Disconnected variables: those that appear in some view's WHERE clause but are not indirectly connected 
            Set connectedVariables = GetVariables(query);

            // Step 2:
            // Take a union of all views that contain connected variables 
            // If it evaluates to True, we can discard all other views; no special True-view is needed
            // Otherwise: 
            //   If isRelaxed == false: 
            //       Take a union of all views. If it yields True, than assume that True-view is available.
            //       Later, try to pick a smaller subset (instead of all views) once we know that attributes are needed 
            //   If isRelaxed == true:
            //       Discard all views that don't contain connected variables; assume that True-view is available
            Tile unionOfConnectedViews = null;
            List> connectedViews = new List>(); 
            Tile firstTrueView = null;
            foreach (Tile tile in _views) 
            { 
                // notice: this is a syntactic check. We assume that if the variable is not present in the condition,
                // its value is unrestricted (which in general may not be true because the KB may have e.g., X=1 => Y=1, 
                // so even if condition on Y is absent, the view would still be relevant
                if (GetVariables(tile.Query).Overlaps(connectedVariables))
                {
                    unionOfConnectedViews = (unionOfConnectedViews == null) ? tile : _qp.Union(unionOfConnectedViews, tile); 
                    connectedViews.Add(tile);
                } 
                else if (IsTrue(tile.Query) && firstTrueView == null) 
                {
                    firstTrueView = tile; // don't add True views; only one of them might be needed, if at all 
                }

            }
            if (unionOfConnectedViews != null && 
                IsTrue(unionOfConnectedViews.Query)) // the collected views give us "True"
            { 
                return connectedViews; 
            }
            if (firstTrueView == null) 
            {
                // can we obtain True at all?
                Tile unionTile = null;
                foreach (FragmentQuery view in _fragmentQueries) 
                {
                    unionTile = (unionTile == null) ? CreateTile(view) : _qp.Union(unionTile, CreateTile(view)); 
                    if (IsTrue(unionTile.Query)) 
                    {
                        // yes, we can; use a surrogate view - replace it later 
                        firstTrueView = TrueViewSurrogate;
                        break;
                    }
                } 
            }
 
            if (firstTrueView != null) // the collected views don't give us True, but 
            {
                connectedViews.Add(firstTrueView); 
                return connectedViews;
            }

            // Step 3: 
            // For each indirectly-connected variable x:
            // Union all views that contain x. The condition on x must disappear, i.e., union must imply that x is in Domain(x) 
            // That is, the union must be equivalent to the expression in which all conditions on x have been eliminated. 
            // If that's not the case (i.e., can't get rid of x), remove all these views from consideration.
 
            return _views;
        }

        private HashSet GetUsedViewsAndRemoveTrueSurrogate(ref Tile rewriting) 
        {
            HashSet usedViews = new HashSet(rewriting.GetNamedQueries()); 
            if (!usedViews.Contains(TrueViewSurrogate.Query)) 
            {
                return usedViews; // no surrogate 
            }
            // remove the surrogate
            usedViews.Remove(TrueViewSurrogate.Query);
 
            // first, try to union usedViews to see whether we can get True
            Tile unionTile = null; 
            IEnumerable usedFollowedByUnusedViews = usedViews.Concat(_fragmentQueries); 
            foreach (FragmentQuery view in usedFollowedByUnusedViews)
            { 
                unionTile = (unionTile == null) ? CreateTile(view) : _qp.Union(unionTile, CreateTile(view));
                usedViews.Add(view);
                if (IsTrue(unionTile.Query))
                { 
                    // we found a true rewriting
                    rewriting = rewriting.Replace(TrueViewSurrogate, unionTile); 
                    return usedViews; 
                }
            } 
            // now we either found the rewriting or we can just take all views because we are in relaxed mode for update views
            Debug.Fail("Shouldn't happen");
            return usedViews;
        } 

        #endregion 
 
        #region Helper methods
 
        private BoolExpression CreateMemberCondition(MemberPath path, Constant domainValue)
        {
            return FragmentQuery.CreateMemberCondition(path, domainValue, _domainMap);
        } 

        private FragmentQuery CreateMemberConditionQuery(MemberPath currentPath, Constant domainValue) 
        { 
            return CreateMemberConditionQuery(currentPath, domainValue, _keyAttributes, _domainMap);
        } 

        internal static FragmentQuery CreateMemberConditionQuery(MemberPath currentPath, Constant domainValue,
                                                                 IEnumerable keyAttributes, MemberDomainMap domainMap)
        { 
            // construct WHERE clause for this value
            BoolExpression domainWhereClause = FragmentQuery.CreateMemberCondition(currentPath, domainValue, domainMap); 
 
            // get a rewriting for CASE statements by not requesting any attributes beyond key
            IEnumerable attributes = keyAttributes; 
            if (domainValue is NegatedConstant)
            {
                // we need the attribute value
                attributes = keyAttributes.Concat(new MemberPath[] { currentPath }); 
            }
            return FragmentQuery.Create(attributes, domainWhereClause); 
        } 

        private static TileNamed CreateTile(FragmentQuery query) 
        {
            return new TileNamed(query);
        }
 
        private static IEnumerable GetTypeConstants(IEnumerable types)
        { 
            foreach (EdmType type in types) 
            {
                yield return new TypeConstant(type); 
            }
        }

        private static IEnumerable GetNonConditionalScalarMembers(EdmType edmType, MemberPath currentPath, MemberDomainMap domainMap) 
        {
            return currentPath.GetMembers(edmType, true /* isScalar */, false /* isConditional */, null /* isPartOfKey */, domainMap); 
        } 

        private static IEnumerable GetConditionalComplexMembers(EdmType edmType, MemberPath currentPath, MemberDomainMap domainMap) 
        {
            return currentPath.GetMembers(edmType, false /* isScalar */, true /* isConditional */, null /* isPartOfKey */, domainMap);
        }
 
        private static IEnumerable GetNonConditionalComplexMembers(EdmType edmType, MemberPath currentPath, MemberDomainMap domainMap)
        { 
            return currentPath.GetMembers(edmType, false /* isScalar */, false /* isConditional */, null /* isPartOfKey */, domainMap); 
        }
 
        private static IEnumerable GetConditionalScalarMembers(EdmType edmType, MemberPath currentPath, MemberDomainMap domainMap)
        {
            return currentPath.GetMembers(edmType, true /* isScalar */, true /* isConditional */, null /* isPartOfKey */, domainMap);
        } 

        private IEnumerable NonKeys(IEnumerable attributes) 
        { 
            return attributes.Where(attr => !attr.IsPartOfKey);
        } 

        // allows us to check whether a found rewriting is satisfiable
        // by taking into account the "other side" of mapping constraints
        // (Ultimately, should produce a CQT and use general-purpose query containment) 
        internal static CellTreeNode TileToCellTree(Tile tile, ViewgenContext context)
        { 
            if (tile.OpKind == TileOpKind.Named) 
            {
                FragmentQuery view = ((TileNamed)tile).NamedQuery; 
                LeftCellWrapper leftCellWrapper = context.AllWrappersForExtent.First(w => w.FragmentQuery == view);
                return new LeafCellTreeNode(context, leftCellWrapper);
            }
            CellTreeOpType opType; 
            switch (tile.OpKind)
            { 
                case TileOpKind.Join: opType = CellTreeOpType.IJ; break; 
                case TileOpKind.AntiSemiJoin: opType = CellTreeOpType.LASJ; break;
                case TileOpKind.Union: opType = CellTreeOpType.Union; break; 
                default:
                    Debug.Fail("unexpected");
                    return null;
            } 
            return new OpCellTreeNode(context, opType,
                                      TileToCellTree(tile.Arg1, context), 
                                      TileToCellTree(tile.Arg2, context)); 
        }
 
        private static BoolExpression TileToBoolExpr(Tile tile)
        {
            switch (tile.OpKind)
            { 
                case TileOpKind.Named:
                    FragmentQuery view = ((TileNamed)tile).NamedQuery; 
                    if (view.Condition.IsAlwaysTrue()) 
                    {
                        return BoolExpression.True; 
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Debug.Assert(view.FromVariable != null); 
                        return view.FromVariable;
                    } 
                case TileOpKind.Join: 
                    return BoolExpression.CreateAnd(TileToBoolExpr(tile.Arg1), TileToBoolExpr(tile.Arg2));
                case TileOpKind.AntiSemiJoin: 
                    return BoolExpression.CreateAnd(TileToBoolExpr(tile.Arg1), BoolExpression.CreateNot(TileToBoolExpr(tile.Arg2)));
                case TileOpKind.Union:
                    return BoolExpression.CreateOr(TileToBoolExpr(tile.Arg1), TileToBoolExpr(tile.Arg2));
                default: 
                    Debug.Fail("unexpected");
                    return null; 
            } 
        }
 
        private static bool IsDefaultValue(Constant domainValue, MemberPath path)
        {
            if (domainValue.IsNull() && path.IsNullable)
            { 
                return true;
            } 
            if (path.DefaultValue != null) 
            {
                ScalarConstant scalarConstant = domainValue as ScalarConstant; 
                return scalarConstant.Value == path.DefaultValue;
            }
            return false;
        } 

        // Returns MemberPaths which have conditions in the where clause 
        // Filters out all trivial conditions (e.g., num=1 where dom(num)={1}) 
        // i.e., where all constants from the domain are contained in range
        private Set GetVariables(FragmentQuery query) 
        {
            IEnumerable memberVariables =
                from domainConstraint in query.Condition.VariableConstraints
                where domainConstraint.Variable.Identifier is MemberRestriction && 
                      false == domainConstraint.Variable.Domain.All(constant => domainConstraint.Range.Contains(constant))
                select ((MemberRestriction)domainConstraint.Variable.Identifier).RestrictedMemberSlot.MemberPath; 
 
            return new Set(memberVariables, MemberPath.EqualityComparer);
        } 

        private bool IsTrue(FragmentQuery query)
        {
            return !_context.LeftFragmentQP.IsSatisfiable(FragmentQuery.Create(BoolExpression.CreateNot(query.Condition))); 
        }
 
        [Conditional("DEBUG")] 
        private void PrintStatistics(RewritingProcessor> qp)
        { 
            int numSATChecks;
            int numIntersection;
            int numDifference;
            int numUnion; 
            int numErrors;
            qp.GetStatistics(out numSATChecks, out numIntersection, out numUnion, out numDifference, out numErrors); 
            TraceVerbose("{0} containment checks, {4} set operations ({1} intersections + {2} unions + {3} differences)", 
                numSATChecks, numIntersection, numUnion, numDifference,
                                numIntersection + numUnion + numDifference); 
            TraceVerbose("{0} errors", numErrors);
        }

        [Conditional("DEBUG")] 
        internal void TraceVerbose(string msg, params object[] parameters)
        { 
            if (_config.IsVerboseTracing) 
            {
                Helpers.FormatTraceLine(msg, parameters); 
            }
        }

        #endregion 
    }
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.


                        

Link Menu

Network programming in C#, Network Programming in VB.NET, Network Programming in .NET
This book is available now!
Buy at Amazon US or
Buy at Amazon UK