Flattener.cs source code in C# .NET

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Code:

/ DotNET / DotNET / 8.0 / untmp / WIN_WINDOWS / lh_tools_devdiv_wpf / Windows / wcp / Print / Reach / AlphaFlattener / Flattener.cs / 2 / Flattener.cs

                            //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
//  Microsoft Printing
//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, 2004
//
//  File:       Flattener.cs 
//
//  History: 
//      [....]: 04/20/2004  Created 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections;              // for ArrayList
using System.Windows;                  // for Rect                        WindowsBase.dll 
using System.Windows.Media;            // for Geometry, Brush, ImageData. PresentationCore.dll
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.IO;
using System.Xml; 
using System.Globalization;

using System.Windows.Xps.Serialization;
using System.Printing; 

using System.Security; 
using System.Security.Permissions; 

namespace Microsoft.Internal.AlphaFlattener 
{
    /// 
    /// Tree flattener and Alpha flattener.
    ///  
    internal class Flattener
    { 
        #region Constructors 

        public Flattener(bool disJoint, double width, double height) 
        {
            _dl = new DisplayList(disJoint, width, height);
        }
 
        #endregion
 
        #region Public Methods 

        ///  
        /// General routine for adding a Primitive to DisplayList
        /// 1) Apply transformation to Geometry, Brush, Pen
        /// 2) Optimize Primitive
        /// 3) Add to DisplayList 
        /// 
        ///  
        public void AddPrimitive(Primitive p) 
        {
            if (p.IsTransparent) 
            {
                return;
            }
 
            p.ApplyTransform();
 
            if (!p.Optimize()) 
            {
                return; 
            }

            GeometryPrimitive gp = p as GeometryPrimitive;
 
            if (gp != null)
            { 
                if ((gp.Pen != null) && (gp.Pen.StrokeBrush.Brush is DrawingBrush)) 
                {
                    gp.Widen(); 
                }
            }

            _dl.RecordPrimitive(p); 
        }
 
        ///  
        /// Flatten the structure of a primitive tree by push clip/transform/opacity onto each leaf node.
        /// Build an index in a DisplayList. 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        ///  
        /// 
        ///  
        public void TreeFlatten(Primitive tree, Geometry clip, Matrix transform, double opacity, BrushProxy opacityMask) 
        {
        More: 
            if (tree == null)
            {
                return;
            } 

            Debug.Assert(Utility.IsValid(opacity) && Utility.IsValid(tree.Opacity), "Invalid opacity encountered, should've been normalized in conversion to Primitive"); 
 
            // Non-invertible transforms may arise from brush unfolding, where brush content is huge but
            // we need to scale down significantly to fill target region. Allow such transforms. 

            CanvasPrimitive canvas = tree as CanvasPrimitive;

            if (canvas != null) 
            {
                ArrayList children = canvas.Children; 
 
                // No children, nothing to do
                if ((children == null) || (children.Count == 0)) 
                {
                    return;
                }
 
                opacity *= tree.Opacity;
 
                // transform opacity mask into current primitive space 
                if (opacityMask != null)
                { 
                    Matrix worldToPrimitiveTransform = tree.Transform;
                    worldToPrimitiveTransform.Invert();

                    opacityMask.ApplyTransform(worldToPrimitiveTransform); 
                }
 
                opacityMask = BrushProxy.BlendBrush(opacityMask, tree.OpacityMask); 

                // Skip the subtree if it's transparent enough 
                if (Utility.IsTransparent(opacity))
                {
                    return;
                } 

                transform = tree.Transform * transform; 
 
                Geometry transclip = Utility.TransformGeometry(tree.Clip, transform);
 
                bool empty;

                clip = Utility.Intersect(clip, transclip, Matrix.Identity, out empty);
 
                if (empty)
                { 
                    return; 
                }
 
                // For single child, just push transform/clip/opacity onto it.
                if (children.Count == 1)
                {
                    tree = children[0] as Primitive; 

                    // Save a recursive call 
                    goto More; 
                }
 
                if (Configuration.BlendAlphaWithWhite || Configuration.ForceAlphaOpaque ||
                    (Utility.IsOpaque(opacity) && (opacityMask == null))) // For opaque subtree, just push trasform/clip into it.
                {
                    foreach (Primitive p in children) 
                    {
                        TreeFlatten(p, clip, transform, opacity, opacityMask); 
                    } 
                }
                else 
                {
                    // A semi-transparent sub-tree with more than one child
                    Flattener fl = new Flattener(true, _dl.m_width, _dl.m_height);
 
                    Primitive ntree   = tree;
                    ntree.Clip        = null; 
                    ntree.Transform   = Matrix.Identity; 
                    ntree.Opacity     = 1.0;
                    ntree.OpacityMask = null; 

#if DEBUG
                    if (Configuration.Verbose >= 2)
                    { 
                        Console.WriteLine("TreeFlatten for subtree");
                    } 
#endif 

                    if (opacityMask != null) 
                    {
                        opacityMask.ApplyTransform(transform);
                    }
 
                    // Flatten sub-tree structure into a new DisplayList
                    fl.TreeFlatten(ntree, clip, transform, 1.0, null); 
 
                    // Remove alpha in the sub-tree and add to the current display list
 
#if DEBUG
                    if (Configuration.Verbose >= 2)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("end TreeFlatten for subtree"); 
                        Console.WriteLine("AlphaFlatten for subtree");
                    } 
#endif 
                    fl.AlphaFlatten(new DisplayListDrawingContext(this, opacity, opacityMask, Matrix.Identity, null), true);
 
#if DEBUG
                    if (Configuration.Verbose >= 2)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("end AlphaFlatten for subtree"); 
                    }
#endif 
                } 
            }
            else 
            {
                GeometryPrimitive gp = tree as GeometryPrimitive;

                if (gp != null && gp.Brush != null && gp.Pen != null && 
                    (!gp.IsOpaque || !Utility.IsOpaque(opacity)))
                { 
                    // 
                    // As an optimization we split fill from stroke, however doing so requires
                    // an intermediate canvas to handle translucent fill/stroke, otherwise 
                    // the translucent stroke and fill will overlap.
                    //
                    CanvasPrimitive splitCanvas = new CanvasPrimitive();
 
                    GeometryPrimitive fill = (GeometryPrimitive)gp;
                    GeometryPrimitive stroke = (GeometryPrimitive)gp.Clone(); 
 
                    fill.Pen = null;
                    stroke.Brush = null; 

                    splitCanvas.Children.Add(fill);
                    splitCanvas.Children.Add(stroke);
 
                    tree = splitCanvas;
                    goto More; 
                } 

                // Push transform/clip/opacity to leaf node 
                tree.Transform = tree.Transform * transform;

                if (tree.Clip == null)
                { 
                    tree.Clip = clip;
                } 
                else 
                {
                    Geometry transclip = Utility.TransformGeometry(tree.Clip, transform); 

                    bool empty;

                    tree.Clip = Utility.Intersect(transclip, clip, Matrix.Identity, out empty); 

                    if (!empty) 
                    { 
                        empty = Utility.IsEmpty(tree.Clip, Matrix.Identity);
                    } 

                    if (empty)
                    {
                        return; 
                    }
                } 
 
                tree.PushOpacity(opacity, opacityMask);
 
                if (gp != null)
                {
                    // Split fill and stroke into separate primitives if no opacity involved.
                    // Intermediate Canvas not needed due to opaqueness. 
                    if ((gp.Brush != null) && (gp.Pen != null))
                    { 
                        GeometryPrimitive fill = gp.Clone() as GeometryPrimitive; 

                        fill.Pen = null; 
                        AddPrimitive(fill);     // Fill only first

                        // Stroke is flattend to fill only when needed
                        gp.Brush = null; 
                        AddPrimitive(gp); // Followed by stroke only
                    } 
                    else if ((gp.Pen != null) || (gp.Brush != null)) 
                    {
                        AddPrimitive(gp); 
                    }
                }
                else
                { 
                    // Record it
                    AddPrimitive(tree); 
                } 
            }
        } 

        /// 
        /// Resolve object overlapping in a primitive tree.
        /// Send broken down drawing primitives to _dc. 
        /// 
        ///  
        /// True if all output primitives need to be disjoint 
        public void AlphaFlatten(IProxyDrawingContext dc, bool disjoint)
        { 
            List commands = _dl.Commands;

            if (commands == null)
            { 
                return;
            } 
 
            int count = commands.Count;
 
            _dc = dc;

            bool needFlattening = true;
 
            if (Configuration.BlendAlphaWithWhite || Configuration.ForceAlphaOpaque)
            { 
                needFlattening = false; 
            }
            else if (!disjoint) 
            {
                needFlattening = false;

                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) 
                {
                    PrimitiveInfo info = commands[i]; 
 
                    if (!info.primitive.IsOpaque)
                    { 
                        needFlattening = true;
                        break;
                    }
                } 
            }
 
            if (needFlattening) 
            {
#if DEBUG 
                Console.WriteLine();
                Console.WriteLine("Stage 2: Calculating intersections using bounding boxes");
                Console.WriteLine();
 
#endif
                // Still need all the primitive, for removal by opaque covering and white primitive removal 
                _dl.CalculateIntersections(count); 
            }
 
#if DEBUG
            if (Configuration.Verbose >= 2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(); 
                Console.WriteLine("Original display list");
                Console.WriteLine(); 
 
                DisplayList.PrintPrimitive(null, -1, true);
 
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i ++)
                {
                    DisplayList.PrintPrimitive(commands[i], i, true);
                } 

                Console.WriteLine(); 
 
                Console.WriteLine("Primitives in display list: {0}", count);
 
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
#endif
 
            if (needFlattening)
            { 
                DisplayListOptimization(commands, count, disjoint); 
            }
 
#if DEBUG
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i ++)
            {
                if (commands[i] != null) 
                {
                    commands[i].SetID(i); 
                } 
            }
 
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Stage 4: Alpha flattening");
            Console.WriteLine();
 
#endif
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) 
            { 
                PrimitiveInfo info = commands[i];
 
                if (info == null)
                {
                    continue;
                } 

                String desp = null; 
#if DEBUG 
                if (Configuration.Verbose >= 2)
                { 
                    Console.Write(i);
                    Console.Write(": ");
                }
 
                desp = info.id;
#endif 
 
                if (info.m_cluster != null)
                { 
                    info.m_cluster.Render(commands, dc);
                }
                else
                { 
                    AlphaRender(info.primitive, info.overlap, info.overlapHasTransparency, disjoint, desp);
                } 
 
#if DEBUG
                if (Configuration.Verbose >= 2) 
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("");
                }
#endif 
            }
 
            _dc = null; 
        }
 
        #endregion

        #region Private Methods
 
        /// 
        /// Remove a primitive from display list 
        ///  
        /// 
        private void DeleteCommand(int i) 
        {
#if DEBUG
            Console.WriteLine("Delete command {0}", i);
#endif 

            PrimitiveInfo pi = _dl.Commands[i]; 
 
            if (pi.overlap != null)
            { 
                foreach (int j in pi.overlap)
                {
                    _dl.Commands[j].underlay.Remove(i);
                } 
            }
 
            if (pi.underlay != null) 
            {
                bool trans = ! pi.primitive.IsOpaque; 

                foreach (int j in pi.underlay)
                {
                    if (trans) 
                    {
                        _dl.Commands[j].overlapHasTransparency--; 
                    } 

                    _dl.Commands[j].overlap.Remove(i); 
                }
            }

            _dl.Commands[i] = null; 
        }
 
#if DEBUG 

        static int vipID; // = 0; 

        static void SerializeVisual(Visual visual, double width, double height, String filename)
        {
            FileStream    stream = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.ReadWrite); 
            XmlTextWriter writer = new System.Xml.XmlTextWriter(stream, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
 
            writer.Formatting  = System.Xml.Formatting.Indented; 
            writer.Indentation = 4;
            writer.WriteStartElement("FixedDocument"); 
            writer.WriteAttributeString("xmlns", "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation");
            writer.WriteAttributeString("xmlns:x", "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml");

            writer.WriteStartElement("PageContent"); 
            writer.WriteStartElement("FixedPage");
            writer.WriteAttributeString("Width",  width.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)); 
            writer.WriteAttributeString("Height", height.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)); 
            writer.WriteAttributeString("Background", "White");
            writer.WriteStartElement("Canvas"); 

            System.IO.StringWriter resString = new StringWriter(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

            System.Xml.XmlTextWriter resWriter = new System.Xml.XmlTextWriter(resString); 
            resWriter.Formatting = System.Xml.Formatting.Indented;
            resWriter.Indentation = 4; 
 
            System.IO.StringWriter bodyString = new StringWriter(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
 
            System.Xml.XmlTextWriter bodyWriter = new System.Xml.XmlTextWriter(bodyString);
            bodyWriter.Formatting = System.Xml.Formatting.Indented;
            bodyWriter.Indentation = 4;
 
            VisualTreeFlattener.SaveAsXml(visual, resWriter, bodyWriter, filename);
 
            resWriter.Close(); 
            bodyWriter.Close();
 
            writer.Flush();
            writer.WriteRaw(resString.ToString());
            writer.WriteRaw(bodyString.ToString());
 
            writer.WriteEndElement();
            writer.WriteEndElement(); 
            writer.WriteEndElement(); 

            writer.WriteEndElement(); // FixedDocument 
            writer.Close();
            stream.Close();
        }
#endif 

        private static bool BlendCommands(PrimitiveInfo pi, PrimitiveInfo pj) 
        { 
            GeometryPrimitive gi = pi.primitive as GeometryPrimitive;
            GeometryPrimitive gj = pj.primitive as GeometryPrimitive; 

            if ((gi != null) && (gi.Brush != null) &&
                (gj != null) && (gj.Brush != null))
            { 
                // get brushes in world space
                BrushProxy bi = gi.Brush.ApplyTransformCopy(gi.Transform); 
                BrushProxy bj = gj.Brush.ApplyTransformCopy(gj.Transform); 

                gi.Brush = bi.BlendBrush(bj); 

                return true;
            }
 
            return false;
        } 
 
        /// 
        /// Switch commands [i] [j], when i is covered by j 
        /// 
        /// Display list
        /// first command
        /// commands[i] 
        /// second command
        /// command[j] 
        /// Disconnect (i,j) overlap/underlay relationship 
        static private void SwitchCommands(List commands, int i, PrimitiveInfo pi, int j, PrimitiveInfo pj, bool disconnect)
        { 
            if ((pi != null) && (pj != null) && disconnect)
            {
                pi.overlap.Remove(j);
 
                if (!pj.primitive.IsOpaque)
                { 
                    pi.overlapHasTransparency--; 
                }
 
                pj.underlay.Remove(i);
            }

            if (pi != null) 
            {
                if (pi.overlap != null) 
                { 
                    foreach (int k in pi.overlap)
                    { 
                        commands[k].underlay.Remove(i);
                        commands[k].underlay.Add(j);
                    }
                } 

                if (pi.underlay != null) 
                { 
                    foreach (int k in pi.underlay)
                    { 
                        commands[k].overlap.Remove(i);
                        commands[k].overlap.Add(j);
                    }
                } 
            }
 
            if (pj != null) 
            {
                if (pj.overlap != null) 
                {
                    foreach (int k in pj.overlap)
                    {
                        commands[k].underlay.Remove(j); 
                        commands[k].underlay.Add(i);
                    } 
                } 

                if (pj.underlay != null) 
                {
                    foreach (int k in pj.underlay)
                    {
                        commands[k].overlap.Remove(j); 
                        commands[k].overlap.Add(i);
                    } 
                } 
            }
 
            commands[i] = pj;
            commands[j] = pi;
        }
 
        /// 
        /// Bug 1687865 
        /// Special optimization for annotation type of visual: lots of glyph runs covered by a single transparency geometry 
        ///    t1 ... tn g   => t1 ... tn-1 g tn'
        ///                  => g t1' ... tn' 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        private static void PushTransparencyDown(List commands, int j) 
        {
            PrimitiveInfo pj = commands[j]; 
 
            GeometryPrimitive gj = pj.primitive as GeometryPrimitive;
 
            if ((gj == null) || (pj.underlay == null) || (pj.underlay.Count == 0))
            {
                return;
            } 

            for (int n = pj.underlay.Count - 1; n >= 0; n --) 
            { 
                int i = pj.underlay[n];
 
                PrimitiveInfo pi = commands[i];

                if (pi == null)
                { 
                    continue;
                } 
 
                GeometryPrimitive gi = pi.primitive as GeometryPrimitive;
 
                if ((gi != null) && (gi.Pen == null) && (pi.overlap.Count == 1) && pj.FullyCovers(pi))
                {
                    // c[i] ... c[j] => ... c[j] c[i]'
                    if (BlendCommands(pi, pj)) // pi.Brush = Blend(pi.Brush, pj.Brush) 
                    {
                        pj.underlay.Remove(i); 
 
                        pi.overlap                = null;
                        pi.overlapHasTransparency = 0; 

                        while (i < j)
                        {
                            SwitchCommands(commands, i, commands[i], i + 1, commands[i + 1], false); 

                            i ++; 
                        } 

                        j --; 
                    }
                }
            }
        } 

 
        ///  
        /// Optimization: If a transparent primitive is covered underneath immediately by an opaque primitive,
        /// or has nothing underneath, convert it to opaque primitive 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        private static bool ConvertTransparentOnOpaque(List commands, int i) 
        {
            PrimitiveInfo pi = commands[i]; 
 
            GeometryPrimitive gp = pi.primitive as GeometryPrimitive;
 
            if (gp != null)
            {
                PrimitiveInfo qi = null;
 
                if ((pi.underlay != null) && (pi.underlay.Count != 0))
                { 
                    qi = commands[pi.underlay[pi.underlay.Count - 1]]; 
                }
 
                if ((qi == null) || (qi.primitive.IsOpaque && qi.FullyCovers(pi)))
                {
                    BrushProxy under = BrushProxy.CreateColorBrush(Colors.White);
 
                    if (qi != null)
                    { 
                        GeometryPrimitive qp = qi.primitive as GeometryPrimitive; 

                        if (qp != null) 
                        {
                            under = qp.Brush;
                        }
                    } 

                    if (under != null) 
                    { 
                        // Blend it with brush underneath
                        BrushProxy blendedBrush = gp.Brush; 
                        BrushProxy blendedPenBrush = gp.Pen == null ? null : gp.Pen.StrokeBrush;

                        if (blendedBrush != null)
                        { 
                            blendedBrush = under.BlendBrush(blendedBrush);
                        } 
                        else if (blendedPenBrush != null) 
                        {
                            blendedPenBrush = under.BlendBrush(blendedPenBrush); 
                        }

                        //
                        // Fix bug 1293500: 
                        // Allow blending to proceed only if we did not generate pen stroke
                        // brush that is a brush list. Reason: Such a case would have to be 
                        // handled during rendering by stroking the object with each brush 
                        // in the list. But we're already rendering brushes of underlying
                        // objects, so the optimization is pointless. 
                        //
                        bool proceedBlending = true;

                        if (blendedPenBrush != null && blendedPenBrush.BrushList != null) 
                        {
                            proceedBlending = false; 
                        } 

                        if (proceedBlending) 
                        {
                            gp.Brush = blendedBrush;
                            if (gp.Pen != null)
                            { 
                                gp.Pen.StrokeBrush = blendedPenBrush;
                            } 
                        } 

                        if (proceedBlending && pi.primitive.IsOpaque) 
                        {
#if DEBUG
                            Console.WriteLine("Make {0} opaque", i);
 
#endif
 
                            if (pi.underlay != null) 
                            {
                                for (int k = 0; k < pi.underlay.Count; k++) 
                                {
                                    commands[pi.underlay[k]].overlapHasTransparency--;
                                }
                            } 

                            return true; 
                        } 
                    }
                } 
            }

            return false;
        } 

        ///  
        /// Optimization: If a transparent primitive is covered underneath by an opaque primitive, cut its ties with all primitives before it 
        /// 
        ///  
        /// 
        /// 
        private static void ReduceTie(PrimitiveInfo pi, List commands, int i)
        { 
            if ((pi.underlay != null) && !pi.primitive.IsOpaque)
            { 
                int len = pi.underlay.Count; 

                for (int j = len - 1; j >= 0; j--) 
                {
                    PrimitiveInfo qi = commands[pi.underlay[j]];

                    if (qi.primitive.IsOpaque && qi.FullyCovers(pi)) 
                    {
                        for (int k = j - 1; k >= 0; k--) 
                        { 
                            int under = pi.underlay[k];
 
                            commands[under].overlap.Remove(i);
                            commands[under].overlapHasTransparency--;

                            pi.underlay.Remove(under); 
                        }
 
                        break; 
                    }
                } 
            }
        }

        private static List[] CopyUnderlay(int count, List commands) 
        {
            List[] oldUnderlay = new List[count]; 
 
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            { 
                List l = commands[i].underlay;

                if (l != null)
                { 
                    oldUnderlay[i] = new List(l.Count);
 
                    for (int j = 0; j < l.Count; j++) 
                    {
                        oldUnderlay[i].Add(l[j]); 
                    }
                }
            }
 
            return oldUnderlay;
        } 
 
        /// 
        /// Optimization phase 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        ///  
        private void DisplayListOptimization(List commands, int count, bool disjoint)
        { 
#if DEBUG 
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Start 3: Display list optimization"); 
            Console.WriteLine();
#endif
            List [] oldUnderlay = null;
 
            if (!disjoint) // If not in a subtree which needs full flattening
            { 
                // The following optimization may change PrimitiveInfo.underlay, but this is needed 
                // for cluster calcuation. So we make a copy of it for use within this routine only
                oldUnderlay = CopyUnderlay(count, commands); 

                // These optimizations need to run in a seperate pass, because they may affect other primitives
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
                { 
                repeat:
                    PrimitiveInfo pi = commands[i]; 
 
                    if (pi == null)
                        continue; 

                    // Optimization: If a primitive is covered by an opaque primtive, delete it
                    if (pi.overlap != null)
                    { 
                        bool deleted = false;
 
                        for (int j = 0; j < pi.overlap.Count; j++) 
                        {
                            PrimitiveInfo qi = commands[pi.overlap[j]]; 

                            if (qi.primitive.IsOpaque && qi.FullyCovers(pi))
                            {
                                DeleteCommand(i); 
                                deleted = true;
                                break; 
                            } 
                        }
 
                        if (deleted)
                        {
                            continue;
                        } 
                    }
 
                    // Optimization: If a primitive is covered by overlap[0], blend brush and switch order 
                    // This results in smaller area being rendered as blending of two brushes.
                    if ((pi.overlap != null) && (pi.overlap.Count != 0)) 
                    {
                        int j = pi.overlap[0]; // first overlapping primitive

                        PrimitiveInfo pj = commands[j]; 

                        // Do not attempt to blend if both primitives cover exactly same area, since blending 
                        // one into the other provides no benefits. 
                        if ((pj.underlay[pj.underlay.Count - 1] == i) && pj.FullyCovers(pi) && !pi.FullyCovers(pj))
                        { 
                            if (BlendCommands(pi, pj))
                            {
                                SwitchCommands(commands, i, pi, j, pj, true);
                                goto repeat; // pj at position i needs to be processed 
                            }
                        } 
                    } 

                    // Optimization: Delete white primitives with nothing underneath 
                    if ((pi.underlay == null) && DisplayList.IsWhitePrimitive(pi.primitive))
                    {
                        DeleteCommand(i);
 
                        continue;
                    } 
 
                    // Optimization: If a transparent primitive is covered underneath by an opaque primitive, cut its ties with all primitives before it
                    ReduceTie(pi, commands, i); 

                    // Transparent primitive
                    if (!pi.primitive.IsOpaque)
                    { 
                        // Optimization: If a transparent primitive is covered underneath immediately by an opaque primitive,
                        // or has nothing underneath, convert it to opaque primitive 
                        if (! ConvertTransparentOnOpaque(commands, i)) 
                        {
                            PushTransparencyDown(commands, i); 
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
                { 
                    PrimitiveInfo pi = commands[i]; 

                    if (pi == null) 
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
 
                    // Optimization: If a primitive is covered by all opaque primitives, cut its ties with primitive on top of it.
 
                    // This check is also implemented in PrimitiveRender.FindIntersection, 
                    // in which it is on a remaing items in overlapping list.
                    // With overlapHasTransparency flag, it can be moved forward. 

                    if ((pi.overlap != null) && (pi.overlapHasTransparency == 0))
                    {
                        foreach (int j in pi.overlap) 
                        {
                            commands[j].underlay.Remove(i); 
                        } 

                        pi.overlap = null; 
                    }

                    // Optimization: If an opaque primitive is covered by all opaque primitives, cut its ties with primitives under it.
                    if ((pi.underlay != null) && (pi.overlapHasTransparency == 0) && pi.primitive.IsOpaque) 
                    {
                        foreach (int j in pi.underlay) 
                        { 
                            commands[j].overlap.Remove(i);
                        } 

                        pi.underlay = null;
                    }
                } 
            }
 
            List transparentCluster = Cluster.CalculateCluster(commands, count, disjoint, oldUnderlay); 

            Cluster.CheckForRasterization(transparentCluster, commands); 

#if DEBUG
            if (HasUnmanagedCodePermission())
            { 
                LogInterestingPrimitives(commands, count, transparentCluster);
                SaveInterestingPrimitives(commands, count, transparentCluster); 
            } 
#endif
        } 


#if DEBUG
 
        static bool HasUnmanagedCodePermission()
        { 
            try 
            {
                new SecurityPermission(SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode).Demand(); 
            }
            catch(SecurityException )
            {
                return false ; 
            }
 
            return true; 
        }
 
        internal void LogInterestingPrimitives(List commands, int count, List transparentCluster)
        {
            if (Configuration.Verbose >= 1)
            { 
                // Display only interesting primitives
 
                DisplayList.PrintPrimitive(null, -1, false); 

                Rect target = Rect.Empty; 

                int vip = 0;

                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) 
                {
                    PrimitiveInfo pi = commands[i]; 
 
                    if ((pi != null) && ((pi.overlapHasTransparency != 0) || !pi.primitive.IsOpaque))
                    { 
                        if (!pi.primitive.IsOpaque)
                        {
                            target.Union(pi.bounds);
                        } 

                        DisplayList.PrintPrimitive(commands[i], i, false); 
                        vip++; 
                    }
                } 

                Console.WriteLine();
                Console.WriteLine("Interesting primitives: {0}", vip);
                Console.WriteLine("Area with transparency: {0}", DisplayList.LeftPad(target, 0)); 
                Console.WriteLine();
 
                for (int i = 0; i < transparentCluster.Count; i++) 
                {
                    Console.WriteLine( 
                        "Cluster {0}: {1} {2} {3}",
                        i + 1,
                        DisplayList.LeftPad(transparentCluster[i].DebugBounds, 0),
                        DisplayList.LeftPad(transparentCluster[i].DebugPrimitives, 0), 
                        transparentCluster[i].DebugRasterize);
                } 
 
                Console.WriteLine();
            } 
        }

        internal void SaveInterestingPrimitives(List commands, int count, List transparentCluster)
        { 
            if (Configuration.SerializePrimitives)
            { 
                // render primitives to DrawingVisual 
                DrawingVisual dv = new DrawingVisual();
 
                using (DrawingContext ctx = dv.RenderOpen())
                {
                    Pen black = new Pen(Brushes.Black, 0.8);
                    black.DashStyle = DashStyles.Dash; 

                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) 
                    { 
                        PrimitiveInfo pi = commands[i];
 
                        if ((pi != null) && ((pi.overlapHasTransparency != 0) || !pi.primitive.IsOpaque))
                        {
                            pi.primitive.OnRender(ctx);
 
                            if (!pi.primitive.IsOpaque)
                            { 
                                ctx.DrawRectangle(null, black, pi.bounds); 
                            }
 
                            //                          Rect bounds = pi.bounds;

                            //                          Console.WriteLine("",
                            //                              bounds.Left, bounds.Top, bounds.Width, bounds.Height); 
                        }
                    } 
 
                    Pen pen = new Pen(Brushes.Blue, 0.8);
 
                    pen.DashStyle = DashStyles.Dot;

                    for (int i = 0; i < transparentCluster.Count; i++)
                    { 
                        ctx.DrawRectangle(null, pen, transparentCluster[i].DebugBounds);
                    } 
                } 

                // save visual to xaml 
                string name = "vip.xaml";

                for (int i = 0; (name != null) && (i < 10); i++)
                { 
                    try
                    { 
                        if (vipID != 0) 
                        {
                            name = "vip" + vipID + ".xaml"; 
                        }

                        SerializeVisual(dv, _dl.m_width, _dl.m_height, name);
 
                        Console.WriteLine("Serialized primitives to " + name);
 
                        name = null; 
                    }
                    catch (System.IO.IOException e) 
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());

                        name = "vip" + vipID + ".xaml"; 
                    }
 
                    vipID++; 
                }
            } 
        }
#endif

        ///  
        /// Resolve overlapping for a single primitive
        ///  
        ///  
        /// 
        ///  
        /// 
        /// 
        private void AlphaRender(Primitive primitive, List overlapping, int overlapHasTransparency, bool disjoint, string desp)
        { 
            if (primitive == null)
            { 
                return; 
            }
 
            // Skip alpha flattening when there are too many layer of transparency
            if (overlapHasTransparency > Configuration.MaximumTransparencyLayer)
            {
                overlapping = null; 
            }
 
            PrimitiveRenderer ri = new PrimitiveRenderer(); 

            ri.Clip        = primitive.Clip; 
            ri.Brush       = null;
            ri.Pen         = null;
            ri.Overlapping = overlapping;
            ri.Commands    = _dl.Commands; 
            ri.DC          = _dc;
            ri.Disjoint    = disjoint; 
 
            GeometryPrimitive p = primitive as GeometryPrimitive;
 
            if (p != null)
            {
                ri.Brush = p.Brush;
                ri.Pen   = p.Pen; 

                bool done = false; 
 
                Geometry g = p.Geometry;
 
                GlyphPrimitive gp = p as GlyphPrimitive;

                if (gp != null)
                { 
                    done = ri.DrawGlyphs(gp.GlyphRun, gp.GetRectBounds(true), p.Transform, desp);
 
                    if (!done) 
                    {
                        g = p.WidenGeometry; 
                    }
                }

                if (!done) 
                {
                    if (!p.Transform.IsIdentity) 
                    { 
                        // Should not occur; GeometryPrimitive.ApplyTransform will push transform
                        // to geometry and brush. 
                        g = Utility.TransformGeometry(g, p.Transform);

                        if (ri.Brush != null)
                        { 
                            ri.Brush = ri.Brush.ApplyTransformCopy(p.Transform);
                        } 
 
                        if (ri.Pen != null && ri.Pen.StrokeBrush != null)
                        { 
                            ri.Pen = ri.Pen.Clone();
                            ri.Pen.StrokeBrush = ri.Pen.StrokeBrush.ApplyTransformCopy(p.Transform);
                        }
                    } 

                    ri.DrawGeometry(g, desp, p); 
                } 

                return; 
            }

            ImagePrimitive ip = primitive as ImagePrimitive;
 
            if (ip != null)
            { 
                ri.RenderImage(ip.Image, ip.DstRect, ip.Clip, ip.Transform, desp); 
            }
            else 
            {
                Debug.Assert(false, "Wrong Primitive type");
            }
        } 

        #endregion 
 
        #region Private Fields
 
        private IProxyDrawingContext _dc;
        private DisplayList          _dl;

        #endregion 

        #region Public Static Methods 
 
        /// 
        /// Flatten Primitive to ILegacyDevice 
        /// 
        public static void Convert(Primitive tree, ILegacyDevice dc, double width, double height, double dpix, double dpiy,
            Nullable quality)
        { 
            // Change Flattener quality setting based on OutputQualityValue
            if (quality != null) 
            { 
                switch (quality)
                { 
                    case OutputQuality.Unknown:
                    case OutputQuality.Automatic:
                        break;
 
                    case OutputQuality.Draft:
                    case OutputQuality.Fax: 
                    case OutputQuality.Text: 
                        Configuration.RasterizationDPI = 96;
                        Configuration.MaximumTransparencyLayer = 8; 
                        Configuration.GradientDecompositionDensity = 0.75;
                        Configuration.DecompositionDepth = 2;
                        break;
 
                    case OutputQuality.Normal:
                        Configuration.RasterizationDPI = 150; 
                        Configuration.MaximumTransparencyLayer = 12; 
                        Configuration.GradientDecompositionDensity = 1;
                        Configuration.DecompositionDepth = 3; 
                        break;

                    case OutputQuality.High:
                    case OutputQuality.Photographic: 
                        Configuration.RasterizationDPI = 300;
                        Configuration.MaximumTransparencyLayer = 16; 
                        Configuration.GradientDecompositionDensity = 1.25; 
                        Configuration.DecompositionDepth = 4;
                        break; 
                }
            }

#if DEBUG 
            if (Configuration.Verbose >= 2)
            { 
                Console.WriteLine(); 
                Console.WriteLine("\r\nStage 1: Tree Flattening");
                Console.WriteLine(); 
            }
#endif

            // Paper dimension as clipping 
            Geometry clip = null;
 
            if ((width != 0) && (height != 0)) 
            {
                clip = new RectangleGeometry(new Rect(0, 0, width, height)); 
            }

            // Transform to device resolution
            Matrix transform = Matrix.Identity; 

            transform.Scale(dpix / 96, dpiy / 96); 
 
            Flattener fl = new Flattener(false, width, height);
 
            Toolbox.StartEvent(MS.Utility.EventTraceGuidId.DRXTREEFLATTENGUID);

            fl.TreeFlatten(tree, clip, transform, 1.0, null);
 
            Toolbox.EndEvent(MS.Utility.EventTraceGuidId.DRXTREEFLATTENGUID);
 
            Toolbox.StartEvent(MS.Utility.EventTraceGuidId.DRXALPHAFLATTENGUID); 

            fl.AlphaFlatten(new BrushProxyDecomposer(dc), false); 

            Toolbox.EndEvent(MS.Utility.EventTraceGuidId.DRXALPHAFLATTENGUID);

#if DEBUG 
            if (Configuration.Verbose >= 2)
            { 
                Console.WriteLine(); 
                Console.WriteLine("End AlphaFlattening");
                Console.WriteLine(); 
            }
#endif
        }
 
        #endregion
    } // end of class Flattener 
 
    /// 
    /// Implement ILegacyDevice using DrawingContext 
    /// 
    internal class OutputContext : ILegacyDevice
    {
        #region Private Fields 

        private DrawingContext _ctx; 
 
        #endregion
 
        #region Constructors

        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        public OutputContext(DrawingContext context) 
        { 
            _ctx = context;
        } 

        #endregion

        #region ILegacyDevice Members 

        void ILegacyDevice.PopClip() 
        { 
            _ctx.Pop();
        } 

        void ILegacyDevice.PopTransform()
        {
            _ctx.Pop(); 
        }
 
        void ILegacyDevice.PushClip(Geometry clipGeometry) 
        {
            _ctx.PushClip(clipGeometry); 
        }

        void ILegacyDevice.PushTransform(Matrix transform)
        { 
            _ctx.PushTransform(new MatrixTransform(transform));
        } 
 
        int ILegacyDevice.StartDocument(string printerName, string jobName, string filename, byte[] devmode)
        { 
            throw new InvalidOperationException();
        }

        void ILegacyDevice.StartDocumentWithoutCreatingDC(string printerName, string jobName, string filename) 
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException(); 
        } 

        void ILegacyDevice.EndDocument() 
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException();
        }
 
        void ILegacyDevice.CreateDeviceContext(string printerName, string jobName, byte[] devmode)
        { 
            throw new InvalidOperationException(); 
        }
 
        void ILegacyDevice.DeleteDeviceContext()
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException();
        } 

        String ILegacyDevice.ExtEscGetName() 
        { 
            throw new InvalidOperationException();
        } 

        bool ILegacyDevice.ExtEscMXDWPassThru()
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException(); 
        }
 
        void ILegacyDevice.StartPage(byte[] devmode, int rasterizationDPI) 
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException(); 
        }

/*      void ILegacyDevice.PushOpacity(double opacity, Brush opacityMask)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(opacityMask == null);
 
            _ctx.PushOpacity(opacity); 
        }
*/ 
        void ILegacyDevice.DrawGeometry(Brush brush, Pen pen, Brush strokeBrush, Geometry geometry)
        {
            if (pen != null)
            { 
                if (strokeBrush == null)
                { 
                    pen = null; 
                }
                else 
                {
                    pen = pen.CloneCurrentValue();
                    pen.Brush = strokeBrush;
                } 
            }
 
            _ctx.DrawGeometry(brush, pen, geometry); 
        }
 
        void ILegacyDevice.DrawImage(BitmapSource source, Byte[] buffer, Rect rc)
        {
            if (buffer != null)
            { 
                source = BitmapSource.Create(source.PixelWidth, source.PixelHeight,
                            96, 96, PixelFormats.Pbgra32, null, buffer, source.PixelWidth * 4); 
            } 

            _ctx.DrawImage(source, rc); 
        }

        void ILegacyDevice.DrawGlyphRun(Brush foreground, GlyphRun glyphRun)
        { 
            _ctx.DrawGlyphRun(foreground, glyphRun);
        } 
 
        void ILegacyDevice.Comment(string message)
        { 
        }

        void ILegacyDevice.EndPage()
        { 
            throw new InvalidOperationException();
        } 
 
        #endregion
    } 
} // end of namespace

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


                        

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