Char.cs source code in C# .NET

                        
Code:
                         / Dotnetfx_Vista_SP2 / Dotnetfx_Vista_SP2 / 8.0.50727.4016 / DEVDIV / depot / DevDiv / releases / whidbey / NetFxQFE / ndp / clr / src / BCL / System / Char.cs / 1 / Char.cs
                        

                        
                            // ==++== 
//
//   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//
// ==--== 
/*============================================================
** 
** Class:  Char 
**
** 
** Purpose: This is the value class representing a Unicode character
** Char methods until we create this functionality.
**
** 
===========================================================*/
namespace System { 
 
    using System;
    using System.Globalization; 
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)] 
    [Serializable, System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct Char : IComparable, IConvertible
#if GENERICS_WORK 
        , IComparable, IEquatable 
#endif
    { 
      //
      // Member Variables
      //
      internal char m_value; 

      // 
      // Public Constants 
      //
      // The maximum character value. 
      public const char MaxValue =  (char) 0xFFFF;
      // The minimum character value.
      public const char MinValue =  (char) 0x00;
 
        // Unicode category values from Unicode U+0000 ~ U+00FF. Store them in byte[] array to save space.
        private readonly static byte[] categoryForLatin1 = { 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0000 - 0007 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0008 - 000F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0010 - 0017 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0018 - 001F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.SpaceSeparator, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 0020 - 0027
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.OpenPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ClosePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DashPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 0028 - 002F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber,    // 0030 - 0037 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 0038 - 003F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 0040 - 0047 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 0048 - 004F 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 0050 - 0057
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OpenPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ClosePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ConnectorPunctuation,    // 0058 - 005F 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 0060 - 0067
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 0068 - 006F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 0070 - 0077
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OpenPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ClosePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0078 - 007F 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0080 - 0087
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0088 - 008F 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0090 - 0097 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0098 - 009F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.SpaceSeparator, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol,    // 00A0 - 00A7 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.InitialQuotePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DashPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol,    // 00A8 - 00AF
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 00B0 - 00B7
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.FinalQuotePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 00B8 - 00BF
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 00C0 - 00C7 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 00C8 - 00CF
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol,    // 00D0 - 00D7 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 00D8 - 00DF 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 00E0 - 00E7
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 00E8 - 00EF 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol,    // 00F0 - 00F7
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 00F8 - 00FF
        };
 
        // Return true for all characters below or equal U+00ff, which is ASCII + Latin-1 Supplement.
        private static bool IsLatin1(char ch) { 
            return (ch <= '\x00ff'); 
        }
 
        // Return true for all characters below or equal U+007f, which is ASCII.
        private static bool IsAscii(char ch) {
            return (ch <= '\x007f');
        } 

        // Return the Unicode category for Unicode character <= 0x00ff. 
        private static UnicodeCategory GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(char ch) { 
            BCLDebug.Assert(IsLatin1(ch), "Char.GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(): ch should be <= 007f");
            return (UnicodeCategory)(categoryForLatin1[(int)ch]); 
        }

      //
      // Private Constants 
      //
 
      // 
      // Overriden Instance Methods
      // 

      // Calculate a hashcode for a 2 byte Unicode character.
      public override int GetHashCode() {
          return (int)m_value | ((int)m_value << 16); 
      }
 
      // Used for comparing two boxed Char objects. 
      //
      public override bool Equals(Object obj) { 
        if (!(obj is Char)) {
          return false;
        }
        return (m_value==((Char)obj).m_value); 
      }
 
      public bool Equals(Char obj) 
      {
        return m_value == obj; 
      }

      // Compares this object to another object, returning an integer that
      // indicates the relationship. 
      // Returns a value less than zero if this  object
      // null is considered to be less than any instance. 
      // If object is not of type Char, this method throws an ArgumentException. 
      //
      public int CompareTo(Object value) { 
          if (value==null) {
              return 1;
          }
          if (!(value is Char)) { 
              throw new ArgumentException (Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_MustBeChar"));
          } 
 
          return (m_value-((Char)value).m_value);
      } 


      public int CompareTo(Char value) {
          return (m_value-value); 
      }
 
      // Overrides System.Object.ToString. 
      public override String ToString() {
          return Char.ToString(m_value); 
      }

      public String ToString(IFormatProvider provider) {
          return Char.ToString(m_value); 
      }
 
      // 
      // Formatting Methods
      // 

      /*===================================ToString===================================
      **This static methods takes a character and returns the String representation of it.
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      // Provides a string representation of a character.
      public static String ToString(char c) { 
          return new String(c, 1); 
      }
 
      public static char Parse(String s) {
          if (s==null) {
              throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
          } 

          if (s.Length!=1) { 
              throw new FormatException(Environment.GetResourceString("Format_NeedSingleChar")); 
          }
          return s[0]; 
      }

        public static bool TryParse(String s, out Char result) {
            result = '\0'; 
            if (s == null) {
                return false; 
            } 
            if (s.Length != 1) {
                return false; 
            }
            result = s[0];
            return true;
        } 

      // 
      // Static Methods 
      //
      /*=================================ISDIGIT====================================== 
      **A wrapper for Char.  Returns a boolean indicating whether    **
      **character c is considered to be a digit.                                    **
      ==============================================================================*/
      // Determines whether a character is a digit. 
      public static bool IsDigit(char c) {
          if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
            return (c >= '0' && c <= '9'); 
          }
          return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber); 
      }


      /*=================================CheckLetter===================================== 
      ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the letter categories.
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      internal static bool CheckLetter(UnicodeCategory uc) { 
          switch(uc) {
              case (UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter): 
              case (UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter):
              case (UnicodeCategory.TitlecaseLetter):
              case (UnicodeCategory.ModifierLetter):
              case (UnicodeCategory.OtherLetter): 
                  return (true);
          } 
          return (false); 
      }
 
      /*=================================ISLETTER=====================================
      **A wrapper for Char.  Returns a boolean indicating whether    **
      **character c is considered to be a letter.                                   **
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      // Determines whether a character is a letter.
      public static bool IsLetter(char c) { 
          if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
              if (IsAscii(c)) {
                  c |=(char)0x20; 
                  return ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'));
              }
              return (CheckLetter(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)));
          } 
          return (CheckLetter(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
      } 
 
        private static bool IsWhiteSpaceLatin1(char c) {
 
            // There are characters which belong to UnicodeCategory.Control but are considered as white spaces.
            // We use code point comparisons for these characters here as a temporary fix.

            // U+0009 =  HORIZONTAL TAB 
            // U+000a =  LINE FEED
            // U+000b =  VERTICAL TAB 
            // U+000c =  FORM FEED 
            // U+000d =  CARRIAGE RETURN
            // U+0085 =  NEXT LINE 
            // U+00a0 = NO-BREAK SPACE
            if ((c == ' ') || (c >= '\x0009' && c <= '\x000d') || c == '\x00a0' || c == '\x0085') {
                return (true);
            } 
            return (false);
        } 
 
    /*===============================ISWHITESPACE===================================
    **A wrapper for Char.  Returns a boolean indicating whether    ** 
    **character c is considered to be a whitespace character.                     **
    ==============================================================================*/
    // Determines whether a character is whitespace.
    public static bool IsWhiteSpace(char c) { 

        if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
            return (IsWhiteSpaceLatin1(c)); 
        }
        return CharUnicodeInfo.IsWhiteSpace(c); 
    }


        /*===================================IsUpper==================================== 
        **Arguments: c -- the characater to be checked.
        **Returns:  True if c is an uppercase character. 
        ==============================================================================*/ 
        // Determines whether a character is upper-case.
        public static bool IsUpper(char c) { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z');
                } 
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)== UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter);
            } 
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter); 
        }
 
        /*===================================IsLower====================================
        **Arguments: c -- the characater to be checked.
        **Returns:  True if c is an lowercase character.
        ==============================================================================*/ 
        // Determines whether a character is lower-case.
        public static bool IsLower(char c) { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'); 
                }
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)== UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter);
            }
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter); 
        }
 
      internal static bool CheckPunctuation(UnicodeCategory uc) 
      {
          switch (uc) { 
              case UnicodeCategory.ConnectorPunctuation:
              case UnicodeCategory.DashPunctuation:
              case UnicodeCategory.OpenPunctuation:
              case UnicodeCategory.ClosePunctuation: 
              case UnicodeCategory.InitialQuotePunctuation:
              case UnicodeCategory.FinalQuotePunctuation: 
              case UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation: 
                  return (true);
          } 
          return (false);
      }

 
        /*================================IsPunctuation=================================
        **Arguments: c -- the characater to be checked. 
        **Returns:  True if c is an punctuation mark 
        ==============================================================================*/
        // Determines whether a character is a punctuation mark. 
        public static bool IsPunctuation(char c){
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (CheckPunctuation(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)));
            } 
            return (CheckPunctuation(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
        } 
 
      /*=================================CheckLetterOrDigit=====================================
      ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the letter or digit categories. 
      ==============================================================================*/
      internal static bool CheckLetterOrDigit(UnicodeCategory uc) {
          switch (uc) {
              case UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter: 
              case UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter:
              case UnicodeCategory.TitlecaseLetter: 
              case UnicodeCategory.ModifierLetter: 
              case UnicodeCategory.OtherLetter:
              case UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber: 
                  return (true);
          }
          return (false);
      } 

        // Determines whether a character is a letter or a digit. 
        public static bool IsLetterOrDigit(char c) { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (CheckLetterOrDigit(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c))); 
            }
            return (CheckLetterOrDigit(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
        }
 
      /*===================================ToUpper====================================
      ** 
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      // Converts a character to upper-case for the specified culture.
      // <;<;Not fully implemented>;>; 
      public static char ToUpper(char c, CultureInfo culture) {
        if (culture==null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("culture");
        return culture.TextInfo.ToUpper(c); 
      }
 
      /*=================================TOUPPER====================================== 
      **A wrapper for Char.toUpperCase.  Converts character c to its **
      **uppercase equivalent.  If c is already an uppercase character or is not an  ** 
      **alphabetic, nothing happens.                                                **
      ==============================================================================*/
      // Converts a character to upper-case for the default culture.
      // 
      public static char ToUpper(char c) {
          return ToUpper(c, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); 
      } 

      // Converts a character to upper-case for invariant culture. 
      public static char ToUpperInvariant(char c) {
          return ToUpper(c, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
      }
 
      /*===================================ToLower====================================
      ** 
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      // Converts a character to lower-case for the specified culture.
      // <;<;Not fully implemented>;>; 
      public static char ToLower(char c, CultureInfo culture) {
        if (culture==null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("culture");
        return culture.TextInfo.ToLower(c); 
      }
 
      /*=================================TOLOWER====================================== 
      **A wrapper for Char.toLowerCase.  Converts character c to its **
      **lowercase equivalent.  If c is already a lowercase character or is not an   ** 
      **alphabetic, nothing happens.                                                **
      ==============================================================================*/
      // Converts a character to lower-case for the default culture.
      public static char ToLower(char c) { 
        return ToLower(c, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
      } 
 
      // Converts a character to lower-case for invariant culture.
      public static char ToLowerInvariant(char c) { 
          return ToLower(c, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
      }

      // 
      // IValue implementation
      // 
      public TypeCode GetTypeCode() { 
          return TypeCode.Char;
      } 


      /// 
      bool IConvertible.ToBoolean(IFormatProvider provider) { 
          throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "Boolean"));
      } 
 
      /// 
      char IConvertible.ToChar(IFormatProvider provider) { 
          return m_value;
      }

        ///  
        sbyte IConvertible.ToSByte(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToSByte(m_value); 
        } 

        ///  
        byte IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToByte(m_value);
        }
 
        /// 
        short IConvertible.ToInt16(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            return Convert.ToInt16(m_value); 
        }
 
        /// 
        ushort IConvertible.ToUInt16(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToUInt16(m_value);
        } 

        ///  
        int IConvertible.ToInt32(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            return Convert.ToInt32(m_value);
        } 

        /// 
        uint IConvertible.ToUInt32(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToUInt32(m_value); 
        }
 
        ///  
        long IConvertible.ToInt64(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToInt64(m_value); 
        }

        /// 
        ulong IConvertible.ToUInt64(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            return Convert.ToUInt64(m_value);
        } 
 
        /// 
        float IConvertible.ToSingle(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "Single"));
        }

        ///  
        double IConvertible.ToDouble(IFormatProvider provider) {
            throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "Double")); 
        } 

        ///  
        Decimal IConvertible.ToDecimal(IFormatProvider provider) {
            throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "Decimal"));
        }
 
        /// 
        DateTime IConvertible.ToDateTime(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "DateTime")); 
        }
 
        /// 
        Object IConvertible.ToType(Type type, IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.DefaultToType((IConvertible)this, type, provider);
        } 

        public static bool IsControl(char c) 
        { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.Control); 
            }
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.Control);
        }
 
        public static bool IsControl(String s, int index) {
            if (s==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            }
            char c = s[index];
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.Control); 
            }
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index) == UnicodeCategory.Control); 
        } 

 
        public static bool IsDigit(String s, int index)
        {
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            } 
            char c = s[index];
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                return (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
            }
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index) == UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber);
        } 

        public static bool IsLetter(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                  if (IsAscii(c)) { 
                      c |=(char)0x20; 
                      return ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'));
                  } 
                  return (CheckLetter(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)));
            }
            return (CheckLetter(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index)));
        } 

        public static bool IsLetterOrDigit(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return CheckLetterOrDigit(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)); 
            } 
            return CheckLetterOrDigit(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index));
        } 

        public static bool IsLower(String s, int index)
        {
            if (s==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            }
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z');
                } 
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)== UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter);
            } 
 
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index) == UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter);
        } 

        /*=================================CheckNumber=====================================
        ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the number categories.
        ==============================================================================*/ 

        internal static bool CheckNumber(UnicodeCategory uc) { 
            switch (uc) { 
                case (UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber):
                case (UnicodeCategory.LetterNumber): 
                case (UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber):
                    return (true);
            }
            return (false); 
        }
 
        public static bool IsNumber(char c) 
        {
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
                }
                return (CheckNumber(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c))); 
            }
            return (CheckNumber(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c))); 
        } 

        public static bool IsNumber(String s, int index) 
        {
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            } 
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                if (IsAscii(c)) { 
                    return (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
                }
                return (CheckNumber(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)));
            } 
            return (CheckNumber(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index)));
        } 
 
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // 
        //  IsPunctuation
        //
        //  Determines if the given character is a punctuation character.
        // 
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
        public static bool IsPunctuation (String s, int index) 
        {
            if (s==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            } 
            char c = s[index];
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                return (CheckPunctuation(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c))); 
            }
            return (CheckPunctuation(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index))); 
        }


        /*================================= CheckSeparator ============================ 
        ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the seprator categories.
        ==============================================================================*/ 
 
        internal static bool CheckSeparator(UnicodeCategory uc)
        { 
            switch (uc) {
                case UnicodeCategory.SpaceSeparator:
                case UnicodeCategory.LineSeparator:
                case UnicodeCategory.ParagraphSeparator: 
                    return (true);
            } 
            return (false); 
        }
 
        private static bool IsSeparatorLatin1(char c) {
            // U+00a0 = NO-BREAK SPACE
            // There is no LineSeparator or ParagraphSeparator in Latin 1 range.
            return (c == '\x0020' || c == '\x00a0'); 
        }
 
        public static bool IsSeparator(char c) 
        {
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                return (IsSeparatorLatin1(c));
            }
            return (CheckSeparator(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
        } 

        public static bool IsSeparator(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (IsSeparatorLatin1(c)); 
            } 
            return (CheckSeparator(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index)));
        } 

        public static bool IsSurrogate(char c)
        {
            return (c >= HIGH_SURROGATE_START && c <= LOW_SURROGATE_END); 
        }
 
        public static bool IsSurrogate(String s, int index) 
        {
            if (s==null) { 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            }
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            }
            return (IsSurrogate(s[index])); 
        } 

       /*================================= CheckSymbol ============================ 
        ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the symbol categories.
        ==============================================================================*/

        internal static bool CheckSymbol(UnicodeCategory uc) { 
            switch (uc) {
                case (UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol): 
                case (UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol): 
                case (UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol):
                case (UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol): 
                    return (true);
            }
            return (false);
        } 

        public static bool IsSymbol(char c) 
        { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (CheckSymbol(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c))); 
            }
            return (CheckSymbol(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
        }
 
        public static bool IsSymbol(String s, int index)
        { 
            if (s==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            if (IsLatin1(s[index])) {
                return (CheckSymbol(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(s[index]))); 
            }
            return (CheckSymbol(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index))); 
        } 

 
        public static bool IsUpper(String s, int index)
        {
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            } 
            char c = s[index];
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z');
                }
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)== UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter); 
            }
 
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index) == UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter); 
        }
 
        public static bool IsWhiteSpace(String s, int index)
        {
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            } 

            if (IsLatin1(s[index])) { 
                return IsWhiteSpaceLatin1(s[index]);
            }

            return CharUnicodeInfo.IsWhiteSpace(s, index); 
        }
 
        public static UnicodeCategory GetUnicodeCategory(char c) 
        {
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c));
            }
            return CharUnicodeInfo.InternalGetUnicodeCategory(c);
        } 

        public static UnicodeCategory GetUnicodeCategory(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            if (IsLatin1(s[index])) { 
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(s[index]));
            } 
            return CharUnicodeInfo.InternalGetUnicodeCategory(s, index); 
        }
 
        public static double GetNumericValue(char c)
        {
            return CharUnicodeInfo.GetNumericValue(c);
        } 

        public static double GetNumericValue(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            return CharUnicodeInfo.GetNumericValue(s, index); 
        }
 
 
       /*================================= IsHighSurrogate ============================
        ** Check if a char is a high surrogate. 
        ==============================================================================*/
        public static bool IsHighSurrogate(char c) {
            return ((c >= CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START) && (c <= CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_END));
        } 

        public static bool IsHighSurrogate(String s, int index) { 
            if (s == null) { 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            } 
            if (index < 0 || index >= s.Length) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            return (IsHighSurrogate(s[index])); 
        }
 
       /*================================= IsLowSurrogate ============================ 
        ** Check if a char is a low surrogate.
        ==============================================================================*/ 
        public static bool IsLowSurrogate(char c) {
            return ((c >= CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START) && (c <= CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_END));
        }
 
        public static bool IsLowSurrogate(String s, int index) {
            if (s == null) { 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            }
            if (index < 0 || index >= s.Length) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            return (IsLowSurrogate(s[index]));
        } 

       /*================================= IsSurrogatePair ============================ 
        ** Check if the string specified by the index starts with a surrogate pair. 
        ==============================================================================*/
        public static bool IsSurrogatePair(String s, int index) { 
            if (s == null) {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            }
            if (index < 0 || index >= s.Length) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            } 
            if (index + 1 < s.Length) { 
                return (IsSurrogatePair(s[index], s[index+1]));
            } 
            return (false);
        }

        public static bool IsSurrogatePair(char highSurrogate, char lowSurrogate) { 
            return ((highSurrogate >= CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START && highSurrogate <= CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_END) &&
                    (lowSurrogate >= CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START && lowSurrogate <= CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_END)); 
        } 

        internal const int UNICODE_PLANE00_END = 0x00ffff; 
        // The starting codepoint for Unicode plane 1.  Plane 1 contains 0x010000 ~ 0x01ffff.
        internal const int UNICODE_PLANE01_START = 0x10000;
        // The end codepoint for Unicode plane 16.  This is the maximum code point value allowed for Unicode.
        // Plane 16 contains 0x100000 ~ 0x10ffff. 
        internal const int UNICODE_PLANE16_END   = 0x10ffff;
 
        internal const int HIGH_SURROGATE_START = 0x00d800; 
        internal const int LOW_SURROGATE_END    = 0x00dfff;
 


       /*================================= ConvertFromUtf32 ============================
        ** Convert an UTF32 value into a surrogate pair. 
        ==============================================================================*/
 
        public static String ConvertFromUtf32(int utf32) 
        {
            // For UTF32 values from U+00D800 ~ U+00DFFF, we should throw.  They 
            // are considered as irregular code unit sequence, but they are not illegal.
            if ((utf32 < 0 || utf32 > UNICODE_PLANE16_END) || (utf32 >= HIGH_SURROGATE_START && utf32 <= LOW_SURROGATE_END)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("utf32", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_InvalidUTF32"));
            } 

            if (utf32 < UNICODE_PLANE01_START) { 
                // This is a BMP character. 
                return (Char.ToString((char)utf32));
            } 
            // This is a sumplementary character.  Convert it to a surrogate pair in UTF-16.
            utf32 -= UNICODE_PLANE01_START;
            char[] surrogate = new char[2];
            surrogate[0] = (char)((utf32 / 0x400) + (int)CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START); 
            surrogate[1] = (char)((utf32 % 0x400) + (int)CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START);
            return (new String(surrogate)); 
        } 

 
        /*=============================ConvertToUtf32===================================
        ** Convert a surrogate pair to UTF32 value
        ==============================================================================*/
 
        public static int ConvertToUtf32(char highSurrogate, char lowSurrogate) {
            if (!IsHighSurrogate(highSurrogate)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("highSurrogate", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_InvalidHighSurrogate")); 
            }
            if (!IsLowSurrogate(lowSurrogate)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("lowSurrogate", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_InvalidLowSurrogate"));
            }
            return (((highSurrogate - CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START) * 0x400) + (lowSurrogate - CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START) + UNICODE_PLANE01_START);
        } 

        /*=============================ConvertToUtf32=================================== 
        ** Convert a character or a surrogate pair starting at index of the specified string 
        ** to UTF32 value.
        ** The char pointed by index should be a surrogate pair or a BMP character. 
        ** This method throws if a high-surrogate is not followed by a low surrogate.
        ** This method throws if a low surrogate is seen without preceding a high-surrogate.
        ==============================================================================*/
 
        public static int ConvertToUtf32(String s, int index) {
            if (s == null) { 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            }
 
            if (index < 0 || index >= s.Length) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_Index"));
            }
            // Check if the character at index is a high surrogate. 
            int temp1 = (int)s[index] - CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START;
            if (temp1 >= 0 && temp1 <= 0x7ff) { 
                // Found a surrogate char. 
                if (temp1 <= 0x3ff) {
                    // Found a high surrogate. 
                    if (index < s.Length - 1) {
                        int temp2 = (int)s[index+1] - CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START;
                        if (temp2 >= 0 && temp2 <= 0x3ff) {
                            // Found a low surrogate. 
                            return ((temp1 * 0x400) + temp2 + UNICODE_PLANE01_START);
                        } else { 
                            throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidHighSurrogate", index), "s"); 
                        }
                    } else { 
                        // Found a high surrogate at the end of the string.
                        throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidHighSurrogate", index), "s");
                    }
                } else { 
                    // Find a low surrogate at the character pointed by index.
                    throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidLowSurrogate", index), "s"); 
                } 
            }
            // Not a high-surrogate or low-surrogate. Genereate the UTF32 value for the BMP characters. 
            return ((int)s[index]);
        }
    }
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.
// ==++== 
//
//   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//
// ==--== 
/*============================================================
** 
** Class:  Char 
**
** 
** Purpose: This is the value class representing a Unicode character
** Char methods until we create this functionality.
**
** 
===========================================================*/
namespace System { 
 
    using System;
    using System.Globalization; 
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)] 
    [Serializable, System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct Char : IComparable, IConvertible
#if GENERICS_WORK 
        , IComparable, IEquatable 
#endif
    { 
      //
      // Member Variables
      //
      internal char m_value; 

      // 
      // Public Constants 
      //
      // The maximum character value. 
      public const char MaxValue =  (char) 0xFFFF;
      // The minimum character value.
      public const char MinValue =  (char) 0x00;
 
        // Unicode category values from Unicode U+0000 ~ U+00FF. Store them in byte[] array to save space.
        private readonly static byte[] categoryForLatin1 = { 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0000 - 0007 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0008 - 000F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0010 - 0017 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0018 - 001F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.SpaceSeparator, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 0020 - 0027
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.OpenPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ClosePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DashPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 0028 - 002F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber,    // 0030 - 0037 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 0038 - 003F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 0040 - 0047 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 0048 - 004F 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 0050 - 0057
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OpenPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ClosePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ConnectorPunctuation,    // 0058 - 005F 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 0060 - 0067
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 0068 - 006F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 0070 - 0077
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OpenPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ClosePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0078 - 007F 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0080 - 0087
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0088 - 008F 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0090 - 0097 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control, (byte)UnicodeCategory.Control,    // 0098 - 009F
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.SpaceSeparator, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol,    // 00A0 - 00A7 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.InitialQuotePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.DashPunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol,    // 00A8 - 00AF
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 00B0 - 00B7
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.FinalQuotePunctuation, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber, (byte)UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation,    // 00B8 - 00BF
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 00C0 - 00C7 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter,    // 00C8 - 00CF
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol,    // 00D0 - 00D7 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 00D8 - 00DF 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 00E0 - 00E7
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 00E8 - 00EF 
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol,    // 00F0 - 00F7
            (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter, (byte)UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter,    // 00F8 - 00FF
        };
 
        // Return true for all characters below or equal U+00ff, which is ASCII + Latin-1 Supplement.
        private static bool IsLatin1(char ch) { 
            return (ch <= '\x00ff'); 
        }
 
        // Return true for all characters below or equal U+007f, which is ASCII.
        private static bool IsAscii(char ch) {
            return (ch <= '\x007f');
        } 

        // Return the Unicode category for Unicode character <= 0x00ff. 
        private static UnicodeCategory GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(char ch) { 
            BCLDebug.Assert(IsLatin1(ch), "Char.GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(): ch should be <= 007f");
            return (UnicodeCategory)(categoryForLatin1[(int)ch]); 
        }

      //
      // Private Constants 
      //
 
      // 
      // Overriden Instance Methods
      // 

      // Calculate a hashcode for a 2 byte Unicode character.
      public override int GetHashCode() {
          return (int)m_value | ((int)m_value << 16); 
      }
 
      // Used for comparing two boxed Char objects. 
      //
      public override bool Equals(Object obj) { 
        if (!(obj is Char)) {
          return false;
        }
        return (m_value==((Char)obj).m_value); 
      }
 
      public bool Equals(Char obj) 
      {
        return m_value == obj; 
      }

      // Compares this object to another object, returning an integer that
      // indicates the relationship. 
      // Returns a value less than zero if this  object
      // null is considered to be less than any instance. 
      // If object is not of type Char, this method throws an ArgumentException. 
      //
      public int CompareTo(Object value) { 
          if (value==null) {
              return 1;
          }
          if (!(value is Char)) { 
              throw new ArgumentException (Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_MustBeChar"));
          } 
 
          return (m_value-((Char)value).m_value);
      } 


      public int CompareTo(Char value) {
          return (m_value-value); 
      }
 
      // Overrides System.Object.ToString. 
      public override String ToString() {
          return Char.ToString(m_value); 
      }

      public String ToString(IFormatProvider provider) {
          return Char.ToString(m_value); 
      }
 
      // 
      // Formatting Methods
      // 

      /*===================================ToString===================================
      **This static methods takes a character and returns the String representation of it.
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      // Provides a string representation of a character.
      public static String ToString(char c) { 
          return new String(c, 1); 
      }
 
      public static char Parse(String s) {
          if (s==null) {
              throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
          } 

          if (s.Length!=1) { 
              throw new FormatException(Environment.GetResourceString("Format_NeedSingleChar")); 
          }
          return s[0]; 
      }

        public static bool TryParse(String s, out Char result) {
            result = '\0'; 
            if (s == null) {
                return false; 
            } 
            if (s.Length != 1) {
                return false; 
            }
            result = s[0];
            return true;
        } 

      // 
      // Static Methods 
      //
      /*=================================ISDIGIT====================================== 
      **A wrapper for Char.  Returns a boolean indicating whether    **
      **character c is considered to be a digit.                                    **
      ==============================================================================*/
      // Determines whether a character is a digit. 
      public static bool IsDigit(char c) {
          if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
            return (c >= '0' && c <= '9'); 
          }
          return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber); 
      }


      /*=================================CheckLetter===================================== 
      ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the letter categories.
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      internal static bool CheckLetter(UnicodeCategory uc) { 
          switch(uc) {
              case (UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter): 
              case (UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter):
              case (UnicodeCategory.TitlecaseLetter):
              case (UnicodeCategory.ModifierLetter):
              case (UnicodeCategory.OtherLetter): 
                  return (true);
          } 
          return (false); 
      }
 
      /*=================================ISLETTER=====================================
      **A wrapper for Char.  Returns a boolean indicating whether    **
      **character c is considered to be a letter.                                   **
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      // Determines whether a character is a letter.
      public static bool IsLetter(char c) { 
          if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
              if (IsAscii(c)) {
                  c |=(char)0x20; 
                  return ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'));
              }
              return (CheckLetter(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)));
          } 
          return (CheckLetter(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
      } 
 
        private static bool IsWhiteSpaceLatin1(char c) {
 
            // There are characters which belong to UnicodeCategory.Control but are considered as white spaces.
            // We use code point comparisons for these characters here as a temporary fix.

            // U+0009 =  HORIZONTAL TAB 
            // U+000a =  LINE FEED
            // U+000b =  VERTICAL TAB 
            // U+000c =  FORM FEED 
            // U+000d =  CARRIAGE RETURN
            // U+0085 =  NEXT LINE 
            // U+00a0 = NO-BREAK SPACE
            if ((c == ' ') || (c >= '\x0009' && c <= '\x000d') || c == '\x00a0' || c == '\x0085') {
                return (true);
            } 
            return (false);
        } 
 
    /*===============================ISWHITESPACE===================================
    **A wrapper for Char.  Returns a boolean indicating whether    ** 
    **character c is considered to be a whitespace character.                     **
    ==============================================================================*/
    // Determines whether a character is whitespace.
    public static bool IsWhiteSpace(char c) { 

        if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
            return (IsWhiteSpaceLatin1(c)); 
        }
        return CharUnicodeInfo.IsWhiteSpace(c); 
    }


        /*===================================IsUpper==================================== 
        **Arguments: c -- the characater to be checked.
        **Returns:  True if c is an uppercase character. 
        ==============================================================================*/ 
        // Determines whether a character is upper-case.
        public static bool IsUpper(char c) { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z');
                } 
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)== UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter);
            } 
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter); 
        }
 
        /*===================================IsLower====================================
        **Arguments: c -- the characater to be checked.
        **Returns:  True if c is an lowercase character.
        ==============================================================================*/ 
        // Determines whether a character is lower-case.
        public static bool IsLower(char c) { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'); 
                }
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)== UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter);
            }
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter); 
        }
 
      internal static bool CheckPunctuation(UnicodeCategory uc) 
      {
          switch (uc) { 
              case UnicodeCategory.ConnectorPunctuation:
              case UnicodeCategory.DashPunctuation:
              case UnicodeCategory.OpenPunctuation:
              case UnicodeCategory.ClosePunctuation: 
              case UnicodeCategory.InitialQuotePunctuation:
              case UnicodeCategory.FinalQuotePunctuation: 
              case UnicodeCategory.OtherPunctuation: 
                  return (true);
          } 
          return (false);
      }

 
        /*================================IsPunctuation=================================
        **Arguments: c -- the characater to be checked. 
        **Returns:  True if c is an punctuation mark 
        ==============================================================================*/
        // Determines whether a character is a punctuation mark. 
        public static bool IsPunctuation(char c){
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (CheckPunctuation(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)));
            } 
            return (CheckPunctuation(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
        } 
 
      /*=================================CheckLetterOrDigit=====================================
      ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the letter or digit categories. 
      ==============================================================================*/
      internal static bool CheckLetterOrDigit(UnicodeCategory uc) {
          switch (uc) {
              case UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter: 
              case UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter:
              case UnicodeCategory.TitlecaseLetter: 
              case UnicodeCategory.ModifierLetter: 
              case UnicodeCategory.OtherLetter:
              case UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber: 
                  return (true);
          }
          return (false);
      } 

        // Determines whether a character is a letter or a digit. 
        public static bool IsLetterOrDigit(char c) { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (CheckLetterOrDigit(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c))); 
            }
            return (CheckLetterOrDigit(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
        }
 
      /*===================================ToUpper====================================
      ** 
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      // Converts a character to upper-case for the specified culture.
      // <;<;Not fully implemented>;>; 
      public static char ToUpper(char c, CultureInfo culture) {
        if (culture==null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("culture");
        return culture.TextInfo.ToUpper(c); 
      }
 
      /*=================================TOUPPER====================================== 
      **A wrapper for Char.toUpperCase.  Converts character c to its **
      **uppercase equivalent.  If c is already an uppercase character or is not an  ** 
      **alphabetic, nothing happens.                                                **
      ==============================================================================*/
      // Converts a character to upper-case for the default culture.
      // 
      public static char ToUpper(char c) {
          return ToUpper(c, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); 
      } 

      // Converts a character to upper-case for invariant culture. 
      public static char ToUpperInvariant(char c) {
          return ToUpper(c, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
      }
 
      /*===================================ToLower====================================
      ** 
      ==============================================================================*/ 
      // Converts a character to lower-case for the specified culture.
      // <;<;Not fully implemented>;>; 
      public static char ToLower(char c, CultureInfo culture) {
        if (culture==null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("culture");
        return culture.TextInfo.ToLower(c); 
      }
 
      /*=================================TOLOWER====================================== 
      **A wrapper for Char.toLowerCase.  Converts character c to its **
      **lowercase equivalent.  If c is already a lowercase character or is not an   ** 
      **alphabetic, nothing happens.                                                **
      ==============================================================================*/
      // Converts a character to lower-case for the default culture.
      public static char ToLower(char c) { 
        return ToLower(c, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
      } 
 
      // Converts a character to lower-case for invariant culture.
      public static char ToLowerInvariant(char c) { 
          return ToLower(c, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
      }

      // 
      // IValue implementation
      // 
      public TypeCode GetTypeCode() { 
          return TypeCode.Char;
      } 


      /// 
      bool IConvertible.ToBoolean(IFormatProvider provider) { 
          throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "Boolean"));
      } 
 
      /// 
      char IConvertible.ToChar(IFormatProvider provider) { 
          return m_value;
      }

        ///  
        sbyte IConvertible.ToSByte(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToSByte(m_value); 
        } 

        ///  
        byte IConvertible.ToByte(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToByte(m_value);
        }
 
        /// 
        short IConvertible.ToInt16(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            return Convert.ToInt16(m_value); 
        }
 
        /// 
        ushort IConvertible.ToUInt16(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToUInt16(m_value);
        } 

        ///  
        int IConvertible.ToInt32(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            return Convert.ToInt32(m_value);
        } 

        /// 
        uint IConvertible.ToUInt32(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToUInt32(m_value); 
        }
 
        ///  
        long IConvertible.ToInt64(IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.ToInt64(m_value); 
        }

        /// 
        ulong IConvertible.ToUInt64(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            return Convert.ToUInt64(m_value);
        } 
 
        /// 
        float IConvertible.ToSingle(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "Single"));
        }

        ///  
        double IConvertible.ToDouble(IFormatProvider provider) {
            throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "Double")); 
        } 

        ///  
        Decimal IConvertible.ToDecimal(IFormatProvider provider) {
            throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "Decimal"));
        }
 
        /// 
        DateTime IConvertible.ToDateTime(IFormatProvider provider) { 
            throw new InvalidCastException(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo"), "Char", "DateTime")); 
        }
 
        /// 
        Object IConvertible.ToType(Type type, IFormatProvider provider) {
            return Convert.DefaultToType((IConvertible)this, type, provider);
        } 

        public static bool IsControl(char c) 
        { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.Control); 
            }
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.Control);
        }
 
        public static bool IsControl(String s, int index) {
            if (s==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            }
            char c = s[index];
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c) == UnicodeCategory.Control); 
            }
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index) == UnicodeCategory.Control); 
        } 

 
        public static bool IsDigit(String s, int index)
        {
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            } 
            char c = s[index];
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                return (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
            }
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index) == UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber);
        } 

        public static bool IsLetter(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                  if (IsAscii(c)) { 
                      c |=(char)0x20; 
                      return ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z'));
                  } 
                  return (CheckLetter(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)));
            }
            return (CheckLetter(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index)));
        } 

        public static bool IsLetterOrDigit(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return CheckLetterOrDigit(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)); 
            } 
            return CheckLetterOrDigit(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index));
        } 

        public static bool IsLower(String s, int index)
        {
            if (s==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            }
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z');
                } 
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)== UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter);
            } 
 
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index) == UnicodeCategory.LowercaseLetter);
        } 

        /*=================================CheckNumber=====================================
        ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the number categories.
        ==============================================================================*/ 

        internal static bool CheckNumber(UnicodeCategory uc) { 
            switch (uc) { 
                case (UnicodeCategory.DecimalDigitNumber):
                case (UnicodeCategory.LetterNumber): 
                case (UnicodeCategory.OtherNumber):
                    return (true);
            }
            return (false); 
        }
 
        public static bool IsNumber(char c) 
        {
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
                }
                return (CheckNumber(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c))); 
            }
            return (CheckNumber(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c))); 
        } 

        public static bool IsNumber(String s, int index) 
        {
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            } 
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                if (IsAscii(c)) { 
                    return (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
                }
                return (CheckNumber(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)));
            } 
            return (CheckNumber(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index)));
        } 
 
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // 
        //  IsPunctuation
        //
        //  Determines if the given character is a punctuation character.
        // 
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
        public static bool IsPunctuation (String s, int index) 
        {
            if (s==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            } 
            char c = s[index];
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                return (CheckPunctuation(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c))); 
            }
            return (CheckPunctuation(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index))); 
        }


        /*================================= CheckSeparator ============================ 
        ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the seprator categories.
        ==============================================================================*/ 
 
        internal static bool CheckSeparator(UnicodeCategory uc)
        { 
            switch (uc) {
                case UnicodeCategory.SpaceSeparator:
                case UnicodeCategory.LineSeparator:
                case UnicodeCategory.ParagraphSeparator: 
                    return (true);
            } 
            return (false); 
        }
 
        private static bool IsSeparatorLatin1(char c) {
            // U+00a0 = NO-BREAK SPACE
            // There is no LineSeparator or ParagraphSeparator in Latin 1 range.
            return (c == '\x0020' || c == '\x00a0'); 
        }
 
        public static bool IsSeparator(char c) 
        {
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                return (IsSeparatorLatin1(c));
            }
            return (CheckSeparator(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
        } 

        public static bool IsSeparator(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            char c = s[index]; 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (IsSeparatorLatin1(c)); 
            } 
            return (CheckSeparator(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index)));
        } 

        public static bool IsSurrogate(char c)
        {
            return (c >= HIGH_SURROGATE_START && c <= LOW_SURROGATE_END); 
        }
 
        public static bool IsSurrogate(String s, int index) 
        {
            if (s==null) { 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            }
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            }
            return (IsSurrogate(s[index])); 
        } 

       /*================================= CheckSymbol ============================ 
        ** Check if the specified UnicodeCategory belongs to the symbol categories.
        ==============================================================================*/

        internal static bool CheckSymbol(UnicodeCategory uc) { 
            switch (uc) {
                case (UnicodeCategory.MathSymbol): 
                case (UnicodeCategory.CurrencySymbol): 
                case (UnicodeCategory.ModifierSymbol):
                case (UnicodeCategory.OtherSymbol): 
                    return (true);
            }
            return (false);
        } 

        public static bool IsSymbol(char c) 
        { 
            if (IsLatin1(c)) {
                return (CheckSymbol(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c))); 
            }
            return (CheckSymbol(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(c)));
        }
 
        public static bool IsSymbol(String s, int index)
        { 
            if (s==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            if (IsLatin1(s[index])) {
                return (CheckSymbol(GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(s[index]))); 
            }
            return (CheckSymbol(CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index))); 
        } 

 
        public static bool IsUpper(String s, int index)
        {
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            } 
            char c = s[index];
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                if (IsAscii(c)) {
                    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z');
                }
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c)== UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter); 
            }
 
            return (CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(s, index) == UnicodeCategory.UppercaseLetter); 
        }
 
        public static bool IsWhiteSpace(String s, int index)
        {
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index"); 
            } 

            if (IsLatin1(s[index])) { 
                return IsWhiteSpaceLatin1(s[index]);
            }

            return CharUnicodeInfo.IsWhiteSpace(s, index); 
        }
 
        public static UnicodeCategory GetUnicodeCategory(char c) 
        {
            if (IsLatin1(c)) { 
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(c));
            }
            return CharUnicodeInfo.InternalGetUnicodeCategory(c);
        } 

        public static UnicodeCategory GetUnicodeCategory(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            if (IsLatin1(s[index])) { 
                return (GetLatin1UnicodeCategory(s[index]));
            } 
            return CharUnicodeInfo.InternalGetUnicodeCategory(s, index); 
        }
 
        public static double GetNumericValue(char c)
        {
            return CharUnicodeInfo.GetNumericValue(c);
        } 

        public static double GetNumericValue(String s, int index) 
        { 
            if (s==null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            if (((uint)index)>=((uint)s.Length)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            return CharUnicodeInfo.GetNumericValue(s, index); 
        }
 
 
       /*================================= IsHighSurrogate ============================
        ** Check if a char is a high surrogate. 
        ==============================================================================*/
        public static bool IsHighSurrogate(char c) {
            return ((c >= CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START) && (c <= CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_END));
        } 

        public static bool IsHighSurrogate(String s, int index) { 
            if (s == null) { 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            } 
            if (index < 0 || index >= s.Length) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            return (IsHighSurrogate(s[index])); 
        }
 
       /*================================= IsLowSurrogate ============================ 
        ** Check if a char is a low surrogate.
        ==============================================================================*/ 
        public static bool IsLowSurrogate(char c) {
            return ((c >= CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START) && (c <= CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_END));
        }
 
        public static bool IsLowSurrogate(String s, int index) {
            if (s == null) { 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            }
            if (index < 0 || index >= s.Length) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            }
            return (IsLowSurrogate(s[index]));
        } 

       /*================================= IsSurrogatePair ============================ 
        ** Check if the string specified by the index starts with a surrogate pair. 
        ==============================================================================*/
        public static bool IsSurrogatePair(String s, int index) { 
            if (s == null) {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s");
            }
            if (index < 0 || index >= s.Length) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index");
            } 
            if (index + 1 < s.Length) { 
                return (IsSurrogatePair(s[index], s[index+1]));
            } 
            return (false);
        }

        public static bool IsSurrogatePair(char highSurrogate, char lowSurrogate) { 
            return ((highSurrogate >= CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START && highSurrogate <= CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_END) &&
                    (lowSurrogate >= CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START && lowSurrogate <= CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_END)); 
        } 

        internal const int UNICODE_PLANE00_END = 0x00ffff; 
        // The starting codepoint for Unicode plane 1.  Plane 1 contains 0x010000 ~ 0x01ffff.
        internal const int UNICODE_PLANE01_START = 0x10000;
        // The end codepoint for Unicode plane 16.  This is the maximum code point value allowed for Unicode.
        // Plane 16 contains 0x100000 ~ 0x10ffff. 
        internal const int UNICODE_PLANE16_END   = 0x10ffff;
 
        internal const int HIGH_SURROGATE_START = 0x00d800; 
        internal const int LOW_SURROGATE_END    = 0x00dfff;
 


       /*================================= ConvertFromUtf32 ============================
        ** Convert an UTF32 value into a surrogate pair. 
        ==============================================================================*/
 
        public static String ConvertFromUtf32(int utf32) 
        {
            // For UTF32 values from U+00D800 ~ U+00DFFF, we should throw.  They 
            // are considered as irregular code unit sequence, but they are not illegal.
            if ((utf32 < 0 || utf32 > UNICODE_PLANE16_END) || (utf32 >= HIGH_SURROGATE_START && utf32 <= LOW_SURROGATE_END)) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("utf32", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_InvalidUTF32"));
            } 

            if (utf32 < UNICODE_PLANE01_START) { 
                // This is a BMP character. 
                return (Char.ToString((char)utf32));
            } 
            // This is a sumplementary character.  Convert it to a surrogate pair in UTF-16.
            utf32 -= UNICODE_PLANE01_START;
            char[] surrogate = new char[2];
            surrogate[0] = (char)((utf32 / 0x400) + (int)CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START); 
            surrogate[1] = (char)((utf32 % 0x400) + (int)CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START);
            return (new String(surrogate)); 
        } 

 
        /*=============================ConvertToUtf32===================================
        ** Convert a surrogate pair to UTF32 value
        ==============================================================================*/
 
        public static int ConvertToUtf32(char highSurrogate, char lowSurrogate) {
            if (!IsHighSurrogate(highSurrogate)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("highSurrogate", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_InvalidHighSurrogate")); 
            }
            if (!IsLowSurrogate(lowSurrogate)) { 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("lowSurrogate", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_InvalidLowSurrogate"));
            }
            return (((highSurrogate - CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START) * 0x400) + (lowSurrogate - CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START) + UNICODE_PLANE01_START);
        } 

        /*=============================ConvertToUtf32=================================== 
        ** Convert a character or a surrogate pair starting at index of the specified string 
        ** to UTF32 value.
        ** The char pointed by index should be a surrogate pair or a BMP character. 
        ** This method throws if a high-surrogate is not followed by a low surrogate.
        ** This method throws if a low surrogate is seen without preceding a high-surrogate.
        ==============================================================================*/
 
        public static int ConvertToUtf32(String s, int index) {
            if (s == null) { 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); 
            }
 
            if (index < 0 || index >= s.Length) {
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_Index"));
            }
            // Check if the character at index is a high surrogate. 
            int temp1 = (int)s[index] - CharUnicodeInfo.HIGH_SURROGATE_START;
            if (temp1 >= 0 && temp1 <= 0x7ff) { 
                // Found a surrogate char. 
                if (temp1 <= 0x3ff) {
                    // Found a high surrogate. 
                    if (index < s.Length - 1) {
                        int temp2 = (int)s[index+1] - CharUnicodeInfo.LOW_SURROGATE_START;
                        if (temp2 >= 0 && temp2 <= 0x3ff) {
                            // Found a low surrogate. 
                            return ((temp1 * 0x400) + temp2 + UNICODE_PLANE01_START);
                        } else { 
                            throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidHighSurrogate", index), "s"); 
                        }
                    } else { 
                        // Found a high surrogate at the end of the string.
                        throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidHighSurrogate", index), "s");
                    }
                } else { 
                    // Find a low surrogate at the character pointed by index.
                    throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidLowSurrogate", index), "s"); 
                } 
            }
            // Not a high-surrogate or low-surrogate. Genereate the UTF32 value for the BMP characters. 
            return ((int)s[index]);
        }
    }
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.

                        

                        

                        
                        

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• WebBrowserNavigatedEventHandler.cs
• Fx.cs
• Rule.cs
• QueryResponse.cs
• BrowserCapabilitiesCompiler.cs
• TrustManagerMoreInformation.cs
• DecoderBestFitFallback.cs
• ToolStripPanelRenderEventArgs.cs
• RadioButtonRenderer.cs
• Literal.cs
• DES.cs
• UdpMessageProperty.cs
• Rule.cs
• EllipticalNodeOperations.cs
• HtmlFormParameterReader.cs
• DocumentPage.cs
• ObjectListCommandsPage.cs
• DesignerProperties.cs
• XamlStackWriter.cs
• InteropAutomationProvider.cs
• SelectionEditor.cs
• WebBrowserNavigatingEventHandler.cs
• MSAAWinEventWrap.cs
• ConvertersCollection.cs
• ConfigurationValidatorBase.cs
• PreviewKeyDownEventArgs.cs
• Substitution.cs
• MonitorWrapper.cs
• InvalidPropValue.cs
• SoapSchemaImporter.cs
• InteropExecutor.cs
• TextBox.cs
• ImageCollectionEditor.cs
• NonBatchDirectoryCompiler.cs
• WebPartCancelEventArgs.cs
• SmuggledIUnknown.cs
• ListDictionary.cs
• TagPrefixInfo.cs
• BindingCollection.cs
• CompiledRegexRunnerFactory.cs
• DesignerGenericWebPart.cs
• AvTraceFormat.cs
• ProviderUtil.cs
• MimeMapping.cs
• InOutArgument.cs
• SrgsOneOf.cs
• LinkTarget.cs
• XamlParser.cs
• ReaderOutput.cs
• GacUtil.cs
• ResourcesChangeInfo.cs
• Literal.cs
• DummyDataSource.cs
• WebPartManagerInternals.cs
• XmlElementAttributes.cs
• CommandField.cs
• DesignerValidatorAdapter.cs
• SafeBitVector32.cs
• XsdDuration.cs
• HtmlEncodedRawTextWriter.cs
• XmlSerializerAssemblyAttribute.cs
• TextDpi.cs
• ToolStripTextBox.cs
• CommandEventArgs.cs
• ShimAsPublicXamlType.cs
• TextEditorMouse.cs
• SystemUnicastIPAddressInformation.cs
• XmlSerializationReader.cs
• DataGridPreparingCellForEditEventArgs.cs
• Panel.cs
• PackageRelationshipCollection.cs
• ProcessModuleCollection.cs
• PagedDataSource.cs
• SrgsDocument.cs
• MaterialCollection.cs
• DrawListViewColumnHeaderEventArgs.cs
• TypeElement.cs
• ConnectionStringEditor.cs
• ToolStripPanelCell.cs
• TimeSpanConverter.cs
• WebBrowser.cs
• Literal.cs
• StyleCollection.cs
• TemplatedWizardStep.cs
• Environment.cs
• IssuedTokenClientCredential.cs
• Accessible.cs
• EventLogHandle.cs
• DataTableNameHandler.cs
• AppliesToBehaviorDecisionTable.cs
• DeflateStream.cs
• TransactionInformation.cs
• IList.cs
• ColumnMapCopier.cs
• OdbcReferenceCollection.cs
• CompositeActivityMarkupSerializer.cs
• NamespaceQuery.cs
• SortExpressionBuilder.cs
• TrackingStringDictionary.cs
• RootProjectionNode.cs