EntityUtil.cs source code in C# .NET

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Code:

/ 4.0 / 4.0 / DEVDIV_TFS / Dev10 / Releases / RTMRel / ndp / fx / src / DataEntity / System / Data / Common / EntityUtil.cs / 1305376 / EntityUtil.cs

                            //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
// 
//     Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
// 
// [....] 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
namespace System.Data { 

    using Microsoft.Win32; 
    using System;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel; 
    using System.Configuration;
    using System.Data; 
    using System.Data.Metadata.Edm; 
    using System.Data.Objects;
    using System.Data.Objects.DataClasses; 
    using System.Data.Objects.Internal;
    using System.Data.SqlTypes;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Globalization; 
    using System.IO;
    using System.Reflection; 
    using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution; 
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization; 
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Xml;
    using System.Linq; 
    using System.Data.Common;
    using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server; 
    using System.Data.Entity; 
    using System.Data.Mapping;
 
    internal static class EntityUtil {

        const int AssemblyQualifiedNameIndex = 3;
        const int InvariantNameIndex = 2; 

        internal static bool? ThreeValuedNot(bool? operand) { 
            // three-valued logic 'not' (T = true, F = false, U = unknown) 
            //      !T = F
            //      !F = T 
            //      !U = U
            return operand.HasValue ? !operand.Value : (bool?)null;
        }
        internal static bool? ThreeValuedAnd(bool? left, bool? right) { 
            // three-valued logic 'and' (T = true, F = false, U = unknown)
            // 
            //      T & T = T 
            //      T & F = F
            //      F & F = F 
            //      F & T = F
            //      F & U = F
            //      U & F = F
            //      T & U = U 
            //      U & T = U
            //      U & U = U 
            bool? result; 
            if (left.HasValue && right.HasValue) {
                result = left.Value && right.Value; 
            }
            else if (!left.HasValue && !right.HasValue) {
                result = null; // unknown
            } 
            else if (left.HasValue) {
                result = left.Value ? 
                    (bool?)null :// unknown 
                    false;
            } 
            else {
                result = right.Value ?
                    (bool?)null :
                    false; 
            }
            return result; 
        } 

        internal static bool? ThreeValuedOr(bool? left, bool? right) { 
            // three-valued logic 'or' (T = true, F = false, U = unknown)
            //
            //      T | T = T
            //      T | F = T 
            //      F | F = F
            //      F | T = T 
            //      F | U = U 
            //      U | F = U
            //      T | U = T 
            //      U | T = T
            //      U | U = U
            bool? result;
            if (left.HasValue && right.HasValue) { 
                result = left.Value || right.Value;
            } 
            else if (!left.HasValue && !right.HasValue) { 
                result = null; // unknown
            } 
            else if (left.HasValue) {
                result = left.Value ?
                    true :
                    (bool?)null; // unknown 
            }
            else { 
                result = right.Value ? 
                    true :
                    (bool?)null; // unknown 
            }
            return result;
        }
 
        /// 
        /// Zips two enumerables together (e.g., given {1, 3, 5} and {2, 4, 6} returns {{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}}) 
        ///  
        internal static IEnumerable> Zip(this IEnumerable first, IEnumerable second)
        { 
            if (null == first || null == second) { yield break; }
            using (IEnumerator firstEnumerator = first.GetEnumerator())
            using (IEnumerator secondEnumerator = second.GetEnumerator())
            { 
                while (firstEnumerator.MoveNext() && secondEnumerator.MoveNext())
                { 
                    yield return new KeyValuePair(firstEnumerator.Current, secondEnumerator.Current); 
                }
            } 
        }

        /// 
        /// Returns true if the type implements ICollection<> 
        /// 
        internal static bool IsAnICollection(Type type) 
        { 
            return typeof(ICollection<>).IsAssignableFrom(type.GetGenericTypeDefinition()) ||
                    type.GetInterface(typeof(ICollection<>).FullName) != null; 

        }

        ///  
        /// Given a type that represents a collection, determine if the type implements ICollection<>, and if
        /// so return the element type of the collection.  Currently, if the collection implements ICollection<> 
        /// multiple times with different types, then we will return false since this is not supported. 
        /// 
        /// the collection type to examine 
        /// the type of element
        /// true if the collection implement ICollection<> false otherwise
        internal static bool TryGetICollectionElementType(Type collectionType, out Type elementType)
        { 
            elementType = null;
            // We have to check if the type actually is the interface, or if it implements the interface: 
            try 
            {
                Type collectionInterface = 
                     (collectionType.IsGenericType && typeof(ICollection<>).IsAssignableFrom(collectionType.GetGenericTypeDefinition())) ?
                     collectionType :
                     collectionType.GetInterface(typeof(ICollection<>).FullName);
 
                // We need to make sure the type is fully specified otherwise we won't be able to add element to it.
                if (collectionInterface != null && !collectionInterface.ContainsGenericParameters) 
                { 
                    elementType = collectionInterface.GetGenericArguments()[0];
                    return true; 
                }

            }
            catch (AmbiguousMatchException) 
            {
                // Thrown if collection type implements ICollection<> more than once 
            } 
            return false;
        } 

        /// 
        /// Helper method to determine the element type of the collection contained by the given property.
        /// If an unambiguous element type cannot be found, then an InvalidOperationException is thrown. 
        /// 
        internal static Type GetCollectionElementType(Type propertyType) 
        { 
            Type elementType;
            if (!EntityUtil.TryGetICollectionElementType(propertyType, out elementType)) 
            {
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.PocoEntityWrapper_UnexpectedTypeForNavigationProperty(
                                                  propertyType.FullName,
                                                  typeof(ICollection<>))); 
            }
            return elementType; 
        } 

        ///  
        /// This is used when we need to determine a concrete collection type given some type that may be
        /// abstract or an interface.
        /// 
        ///  
        /// The rules are:
        /// If the collection is defined as a concrete type with a publicly accessible parameterless constructor, then create an instance of that type 
        /// Else, if HashSet can be assigned to the type, then use HashSet 
        /// Else, if List can be assigned to the type, then use List
        /// Else, throw a nice exception. 
        /// 
        /// The type of collection that was requested
        /// The type to instantiate, or null if we cannot find a supported type to instantiate
        internal static Type DetermineCollectionType(Type requestedType) 
        {
            const BindingFlags constructorBinding = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.CreateInstance; 
 
            var elementType = EntityUtil.GetCollectionElementType(requestedType);
 
            if (requestedType.IsArray)
            {
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectQuery_UnableToMaterializeArray(
                                                  requestedType, typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(elementType))); 
            }
 
            if (!requestedType.IsAbstract && 
                requestedType.GetConstructor(constructorBinding, null, System.Type.EmptyTypes, null) != null)
            { 
                return requestedType;
            }

            var hashSetOfT = typeof(HashSet<>).MakeGenericType(elementType); 
            if (requestedType.IsAssignableFrom(hashSetOfT))
            { 
                return hashSetOfT; 
            }
 
            var listOfT = typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(elementType);
            if (requestedType.IsAssignableFrom(listOfT))
            {
                return listOfT; 
            }
 
            return null; 
        }
 
        /// 
        /// Returns the Type object that should be used to identify the type in the o-space
        /// metadata.  This is normally just the type that is passed in, but if the type
        /// is a proxy that we have generated, then its base type is returned instead. 
        /// This ensures that both proxy entities and normal entities are treated as the
        /// same kind of entity in the metadata and places where the metadata is used. 
        ///  
        internal static Type GetEntityIdentityType(Type entityType)
        { 
            return EntityProxyFactory.IsProxyType(entityType) ? entityType.BaseType : entityType;
        }

        ///  
        /// Provides a standard helper method for quoting identifiers
        ///  
        /// Identifier to be quoted. Does not validate that this identifier is valid. 
        /// Quoted string
        internal static string QuoteIdentifier(string identifier) 
        {
            Debug.Assert(identifier != null, "identifier should not be null");
            return "[" + identifier.Replace("]", "]]") + "]";
        } 

        // The class EntityUtil defines the exceptions that are specific to the Adapters. 
        // The class contains functions that take the proper informational variables and then construct 
        // the appropriate exception with an error string obtained from the resource Framework.txt.
        // The exception is then returned to the caller, so that the caller may then throw from its 
        // location so that the catcher of the exception will have the appropriate call stack.
        // This class is used so that there will be compile time checking of error messages.
        // The resource Framework.txt will ensure proper string text based on the appropriate
        // locale. 
        [EntityBidMethod]
        static private void TraceException( 
            string trace, 
            [EntityBidArgumentType(typeof(string))] Exception e) {
            Debug.Assert(null != e, "TraceException: null Exception"); 
            if (null != e) {
                EntityBid.Trace(trace, e.ToString()); // will include callstack if permission is available
            }
        } 

        static internal void TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(Exception e) { 
            TraceException(" '%ls'\n", e); 
        }
        static internal void TraceExceptionForCapture(Exception e) { 
            Debug.Assert(EntityUtil.IsCatchableExceptionType(e), "Invalid exception type, should have been re-thrown!");
            TraceException(" '%ls'\n", e);
        }
        // 
        // COM+ exceptions
        // 
        static internal ArgumentException Argument(string error) { 
            ArgumentException e = new ArgumentException(error);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        }
        static internal ArgumentException Argument(string error, Exception inner) {
            ArgumentException e = new ArgumentException(error, inner); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException Argument(string error, string parameter) {
            ArgumentException e = new ArgumentException(error, parameter); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        }
        static internal ArgumentException Argument(string error, string parameter, Exception inner) { 
            ArgumentException e = new ArgumentException(error, parameter, inner);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal ArgumentNullException ArgumentNull(string parameter) { 
            ArgumentNullException e = new ArgumentNullException(parameter);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        } 
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException ArgumentOutOfRange(string parameterName) {
            ArgumentOutOfRangeException e = new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(parameterName); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException ArgumentOutOfRange(string message, string parameterName) {
            ArgumentOutOfRangeException e = new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(parameterName, message);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecution(string message) { 
            EntityCommandExecutionException e = new EntityCommandExecutionException(message); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecution(string message, Exception innerException) {
            EntityCommandExecutionException e = new EntityCommandExecutionException(message, innerException);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
        static internal EntityCommandCompilationException CommandCompilation(string message, Exception innerException) { 
            EntityCommandCompilationException e = new EntityCommandCompilationException(message, innerException);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        }
        static internal ConstraintException Constraint(string message) {
            ConstraintException e = new ConstraintException(message); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        } 
        static internal IndexOutOfRangeException IndexOutOfRange(string error) {
            IndexOutOfRangeException e = new IndexOutOfRangeException(error); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException InvalidOperation(string error) { 
            InvalidOperationException e = new InvalidOperationException(error);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException InvalidOperation(string error, Exception inner) { 
            InvalidOperationException e = new InvalidOperationException(error, inner);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException InvalidStringArgument(string parameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidStringArgument(parameterName), parameterName); 
        } 
        static internal MetadataException Metadata(string message, Exception inner) {
            MetadataException e = new MetadataException(message, inner); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        }
        static internal MetadataException Metadata(string message) { 
            MetadataException e = new MetadataException(message);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal NotSupportedException NotSupported() { 
            NotSupportedException e = new NotSupportedException();
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        } 
        static internal NotSupportedException NotSupported(string error) {
            NotSupportedException e = new NotSupportedException(error); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
        static internal ObjectDisposedException ObjectDisposed(string error) {
            ObjectDisposedException e = new ObjectDisposedException(null, error);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        static internal ObjectNotFoundException ObjectNotFound(string error) { 
            ObjectNotFoundException e = new ObjectNotFoundException(error); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }

        // SSDL Generator
        //static internal StrongTypingException StrongTyping(string error, Exception innerException) { 
        //    StrongTypingException e = new StrongTypingException(error, innerException);
        //    TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
        //    return e; 
        //}
        #region Query Exceptions 
        /// 
        /// EntityException factory method
        /// 
        ///  
        /// EntityException
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( string message ) 
        { 
            EntitySqlException e = new EntitySqlException(message);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        }

        ///  
        /// EntityException factory method
        ///  
        ///  
        /// 
        ///  
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( string message, Exception innerException)
        {
            EntitySqlException e = new EntitySqlException(message, innerException);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
 
        /// 
        /// EntityException factory method 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// EntityException 
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( System.Data.Common.EntitySql.ErrorContext errCtx, string message )
        { 
            EntitySqlException e = EntitySqlException.Create(errCtx, message, null); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }

        /// 
        /// EntityException factory method 
        /// 
        ///  
        ///  
        /// EntityException
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( System.Data.Common.EntitySql.ErrorContext errCtx, string message, Exception innerException ) 
        {
            EntitySqlException e = EntitySqlException.Create(errCtx, message, null);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
 
        ///  
        /// EntityException factory method
        ///  
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        ///  
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( string queryText, string errorMessage, int errorPosition )
        { 
            EntitySqlException e = EntitySqlException.Create(queryText, errorMessage, errorPosition, null, false, null); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }

        /// 
        /// EntityException factory method. AdditionalErrorInformation will be used inlined if loadContextInfoFromResource is false. 
        /// 
        ///  
        ///  
        /// 
        ///  
        /// 
        /// 
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( string queryText,
                                                   string errorMessage, 
                                                   int errorPosition,
                                                   string additionalErrorInformation, 
                                                   bool loadContextInfoFromResource ) 
        {
            EntitySqlException e = EntitySqlException.Create(queryText, 
                                                  errorMessage,
                                                  errorPosition,
                                                  additionalErrorInformation,
                                                  loadContextInfoFromResource, 
                                                  null);
 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 

            return e; 
        }
        #endregion

        #region Bridge Errors 
        static internal ProviderIncompatibleException CannotCloneStoreProvider() {
            return ProviderIncompatible(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityClient_CannotCloneStoreProvider); 
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException ClosedDataReaderError() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_ClosedDataReaderError); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException DataReaderClosed(string method) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_DataReaderClosed(method));
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException ImplicitlyClosedDataReaderError() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_ImplicitlyClosedDataReaderError); 
        } 
        static internal IndexOutOfRangeException InvalidBufferSizeOrIndex(int numBytes, int bufferIndex) {
            return IndexOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidBufferSizeOrIndex(numBytes.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), bufferIndex.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))); 
        }
        static internal IndexOutOfRangeException InvalidDataLength(long length) {
            return IndexOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataLength(length.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)));
        } 
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidDestinationBufferIndex(int maxLen, int dstOffset, string parameterName) {
            return ArgumentOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDestinationBufferIndex(maxLen.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), dstOffset.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)), parameterName); 
        } 
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidSourceBufferIndex(int maxLen, long srcOffset, string parameterName) {
            return ArgumentOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidSourceBufferIndex(maxLen.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), srcOffset.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)), parameterName); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException MustUseSequentialAccess() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_MustUseSequentialAccess);
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException NoData() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_NoData); 
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException NonSequentialChunkAccess(long badIndex, long currIndex, string method) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_NonSequentialChunkAccess(badIndex.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), currIndex.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), method)); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException NonSequentialColumnAccess(int badCol, int currCol) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_NonSequentialColumnAccess(badCol.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), currCol.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)));
        } 
        static internal NotSupportedException KeysRequiredForJoinOverNest(Query.InternalTrees.Op op) {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_KeysRequiredForJoinOverNest(op.OpType.ToString())); 
        } 
        static internal NotSupportedException KeysRequiredForNesting() {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_KeysRequiredForNesting); 
        }
        static internal NotSupportedException NestingNotSupported(Query.InternalTrees.Op parentOp, Query.InternalTrees.Op childOp) {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_NestingNotSupported(parentOp.OpType.ToString(), childOp.OpType.ToString()));
        } 
        static internal NotSupportedException ProviderDoesNotSupportCommandTrees() {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_ProviderDoesNotSupportCommandTrees); 
        } 
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecutionDataReaderFieldCountForPrimitiveType() {
            return CommandExecution(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataReaderFieldCountForPrimitiveType); 
        }
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecutionDataReaderMissingColumnForType(EdmMember member, EdmType currentType) {
            return CommandExecution(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataReaderMissingColumnForType(
                currentType.FullName, member.Name)); 
        }
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecutionDataReaderMissinDiscriminatorColumn(string columnName, EdmFunction functionImport) { 
            return CommandExecution(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataReaderMissingDiscriminatorColumn(columnName, functionImport.FullName)); 
        }
 
        #endregion
        #region EntityClient Errors
        static internal ProviderIncompatibleException ProviderIncompatible(string error) {
            ProviderIncompatibleException e = new ProviderIncompatibleException(error); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        } 
        static internal ProviderIncompatibleException ProviderIncompatible(string error, Exception innerException) {
            ProviderIncompatibleException e = new ProviderIncompatibleException(error, innerException); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        }
        static internal EntityException Provider(string error) { 
            EntityException e = new EntityException(error);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal EntityException Provider(Exception inner) { 
            EntityException e = new EntityException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityClient_ProviderGeneralError,inner);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        } 
        static internal EntityException Provider(string parameter, Exception inner) {
            EntityException e = new EntityException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityClient_ProviderSpecificError(parameter), inner); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
        static internal EntityException ProviderExceptionWithMessage(string message, Exception inner) {
            EntityException e = new EntityException(message, inner);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        #endregion //EntityClient Errors 
 
        #region Metadata Errors
        static internal MetadataException InvalidSchemaEncountered(string errors) { 
            // EntityRes.GetString implementation truncates the string arguments to a max length of 1024.
            // Since csdl, ssdl, providermanifest can have bunch of errors in them and we want to
            // show all of them, we are using String.Format to form the error message.
            // Using CurrentCulture since that's what EntityRes.GetString uses. 
            return Metadata(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, EntityRes.GetString(EntityRes.InvalidSchemaEncountered), errors));
        } 
        static internal MetadataException InvalidCollectionForMapping(DataSpace space) { 
            return Metadata(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidCollectionForMapping(space.ToString()));
        } 
        // MemberCollection.cs
        static internal ArgumentException MemberInvalidIdentity(string identity, string parameter) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MemberInvalidIdentity(identity), parameter);
        } 
        // MetadataCollection.cs
        static internal ArgumentException ArrayTooSmall(string parameter) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ArrayTooSmall, parameter); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException ItemDuplicateIdentity(string identity, string parameter, Exception inner) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ItemDuplicateIdentity(identity), parameter, inner);
        }
        static internal ArgumentException ItemInvalidIdentity(string identity, string parameter) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ItemInvalidIdentity(identity), parameter); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException MoreThanOneItemMatchesIdentity(string identity) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MoreThanOneItemMatchesIdentity(identity)); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException OperationOnReadOnlyCollection() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.OperationOnReadOnlyCollection);
        }
        // MetadataWorkspace.cs
        static internal InvalidOperationException ItemCollectionAlreadyRegistered(DataSpace space) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ItemCollectionAlreadyRegistered(space.ToString()));
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException NoCollectionForSpace(DataSpace space) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NoCollectionForSpace(space.ToString()));
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException InvalidCollectionSpecified(DataSpace space) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidCollectionSpecified(space));
        }
        static internal MetadataException DifferentSchemaVersionInCollection(string itemCollectionType, double versionToRegister, double currentSchemaVersion) 
        {
            return Metadata(Strings.DifferentSchemaVersionInCollection(itemCollectionType, versionToRegister, currentSchemaVersion)); 
        } 
        // TypeUsage.cs
        static internal ArgumentException NotBinaryTypeForTypeUsage() { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotBinaryTypeForTypeUsage);
        }
        static internal ArgumentException NotDateTimeTypeForTypeUsage() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotDateTimeTypeForTypeUsage); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException NotDateTimeOffsetTypeForTypeUsage() 
        { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotDateTimeOffsetTypeForTypeUsage);
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException NotTimeTypeForTypeUsage()
        {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotTimeTypeForTypeUsage);
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException NotDecimalTypeForTypeUsage() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotDecimalTypeForTypeUsage); 
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException NotStringTypeForTypeUsage() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotStringTypeForTypeUsage); 
        }
        // EntityContainer.cs
        static internal ArgumentException InvalidEntitySetName(string name) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidEntitySetName(name)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException InvalidRelationshipSetName(string name) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidRelationshipSetName(name)); 
        }
        // EntitySetBaseCollection.cs 
        static internal ArgumentException EntitySetInAnotherContainer(string parameter) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntitySetInAnotherContainer, parameter);
        }
        // util.cs 
        static internal InvalidOperationException OperationOnReadOnlyItem() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.OperationOnReadOnlyItem); 
        } 
        //FacetDescription.cs
        static internal ArgumentException MinAndMaxValueMustBeSameForConstantFacet(string facetName, string typeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MinAndMaxValueMustBeSameForConstantFacet(facetName, typeName));
        }
        static internal ArgumentException MissingDefaultValueForConstantFacet(string facetName, string typeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MissingDefaultValueForConstantFacet(facetName, typeName)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException BothMinAndMaxValueMustBeSpecifiedForNonConstantFacet(string facetName, string typeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.BothMinAndMaxValueMustBeSpecifiedForNonConstantFacet(facetName, typeName)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException MinAndMaxValueMustBeDifferentForNonConstantFacet(string facetName, string typeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MinAndMaxValueMustBeDifferentForNonConstantFacet(facetName, typeName));
        }
        static internal ArgumentException MinAndMaxMustBePositive(string facetName, string typeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MinAndMaxMustBePositive(facetName, typeName)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException MinMustBeLessThanMax(string minimumValue, string facetName, string typeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MinMustBeLessThanMax(minimumValue, facetName, typeName)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException EntitySetNotInCSpace(string name) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntitySetNotInCSPace(name));
        }

        static internal ArgumentException TypeNotInEntitySet(string entitySetName, string rootEntityTypeName, string entityTypeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.TypeNotInEntitySet(entityTypeName, rootEntityTypeName, entitySetName));
        } 
 
        static internal ArgumentException AssociationSetNotInCSpace(string name) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntitySetNotInCSPace(name)); 
        }

        static internal ArgumentException TypeNotInAssociationSet(string setName, string rootEntityTypeName, string typeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.TypeNotInAssociationSet(typeName, rootEntityTypeName, setName)); 
        }
        #endregion //Metadata Errors 
 
        #region Internal Errors
 
        // Internal error code to use with the InternalError exception.
        //
        // error numbers end up being hard coded in test cases; they can be removed, but should not be changed.
        // reusing error numbers is probably OK, but not recommended. 
        //
        // The acceptable range for this enum is 
        // 1000 - 1999 
        //
        // The Range 10,000-15,000 is reserved for tools 
        //
        /// You must never renumber these, because we rely upon them when
        /// we get an exception report once we release the bits.
        internal enum InternalErrorCode { 
            WrongNumberOfKeys = 1000,
            UnknownColumnMapKind = 1001, 
            NestOverNest = 1002, 
            ColumnCountMismatch = 1003,
 
            /// 
            /// Some assertion failed
            /// 
            AssertionFailed = 1004, 

            UnknownVar = 1005, 
            WrongVarType = 1006, 
            ExtentWithoutEntity = 1007,
            UnnestWithoutInput = 1008, 
            UnnestMultipleCollections = 1009,
            CodeGen_NoSuchProperty = 1011,
            JoinOverSingleStreamNest = 1012,
            InvalidInternalTree = 1013, 
            NameValuePairNext = 1014,
            InvalidParserState1 = 1015, 
            InvalidParserState2 = 1016, 
            /// 
            /// Thrown when SQL gen produces parameters for anything other than a 
            /// modification command tree.
            /// 
            SqlGenParametersNotPermitted = 1017,
            EntityKeyMissingKeyValue = 1018, 
            /// 
            /// Thrown when an invalid data request is presented to a PropagatorResult in 
            /// the update pipeline (confusing simple/complex values, missing key values, etc.). 
            /// 
            UpdatePipelineResultRequestInvalid = 1019, 
            InvalidStateEntry = 1020,
            /// 
            /// Thrown when the update pipeline encounters an invalid PrimitiveTypeKind
            /// during a cast. 
            /// 
            InvalidPrimitiveTypeKind = 1021, 
            ///  
            /// Thrown when an unknown node type is encountered in ELinq expression translation.
            ///  
            UnknownLinqNodeType = 1023,
            /// 
            /// Thrown by result assembly upon encountering a collection column that does not use any columns
            /// nor has a descriminated nested collection. 
            /// 
            CollectionWithNoColumns = 1024, 
            ///  
            /// Thrown when a lambda expression argument has an unexpected node type.
            ///  
            UnexpectedLinqLambdaExpressionFormat = 1025,
            /// 
            /// Thrown when a CommandTree is defined on a stored procedure EntityCommand instance.
            ///  
            CommandTreeOnStoredProcedureEntityCommand = 1026,
            ///  
            /// Thrown when an operation in the BoolExpr library is exceeding anticipated complexity. 
            /// 
            BoolExprAssert = 1027, 
            /// 
            /// Thrown when a body generation is attempted on a function without body definition.
            /// 
            AttemptToGenerateDefinitionForFunctionWithoutDef = 1028, 
            /// 
            /// Thrown when type A is promotable to type B, but ranking algorithm fails to rank the promotion. 
            ///  
            FailedToGeneratePromotionRank = 1029,
        } 

        static internal Exception InternalError(InternalErrorCode internalError) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InternalProviderError((int)internalError));
        } 

        static internal Exception InternalError(InternalErrorCode internalError, int location, object additionalInfo) { 
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); 
            sb.AppendFormat("{0}, {1}", (int)internalError, location);
            if (null != additionalInfo) { 
                sb.AppendFormat(", {0}", additionalInfo);
            }
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InternalProviderError(sb.ToString()));
        } 

        static internal Exception InternalError(InternalErrorCode internalError, int location) { 
            return InternalError(internalError, location, null); 
        }
 
        #endregion

        #region ObjectStateManager errors
        internal static InvalidOperationException OriginalValuesDoesNotExist() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_OriginalValuesDoesNotExist);
        } 
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CurrentValuesDoesNotExist() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CurrentValuesDoesNotExist); 
        }

        internal static ArgumentException InvalidTypeForComplexTypeProperty(string argument) {
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_InvalidTypeForComplexTypeProperty, argument); 
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ObjectStateEntryinInvalidState() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_InvalidState);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException CantModifyDetachedDeletedEntries() {
            throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CantModifyDetachedDeletedEntries);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException SetModifiedStates() 
        { 
            throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_SetModifiedStates);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityCantHaveMultipleChangeTrackers() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Entity_EntityCantHaveMultipleChangeTrackers);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException CantModifyRelationValues() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CantModifyRelationValues); 
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CantModifyRelationState() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CantModifyRelationState);
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotModifyKeyProperty(string fieldName) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CannotModifyKeyProperty(fieldName)); 
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException CantSetEntityKey() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CantSetEntityKey);
        }

        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAccessKeyEntryValues() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CannotAccessKeyEntryValues);
        } 
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotModifyKeyEntryState() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CannotModifyKeyEntryState); 
        }


        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotCallDeleteOnKeyEntry() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CannotDeleteOnKeyEntry);
        } 
 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidModifiedPropertyName(string propertyName) {
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_SetModifiedOnInvalidProperty(propertyName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException NoEntryExistForEntityKey() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_NoEntryExistForEntityKey);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException DetachedObjectStateEntriesDoesNotExistInObjectStateManager() {
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_DetachedObjectStateEntriesDoesNotExistInObjectStateManager); 
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException ObjectStateManagerContainsThisEntityKey() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_ObjectStateManagerContainsThisEntityKey);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ObjectStateManagerDoesnotAllowToReAddUnchangedOrModifiedOrDeletedEntity(EntityState state) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_DoesnotAllowToReAddUnchangedOrModifiedOrDeletedEntity(state)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotFixUpKeyToExistingValues() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_CannotFixUpKeyToExistingValues); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException KeyPropertyDoesntMatchValueInKey(bool forAttach) 
        {
            if (forAttach)
            {
                return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_KeyPropertyDoesntMatchValueInKeyForAttach); 
            }
            else 
            { 
                return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_KeyPropertyDoesntMatchValueInKey);
            } 
        }

        internal static void CheckValidStateForChangeEntityState(EntityState state)
        { 
            switch(state)
            { 
                case EntityState.Added: 
                case EntityState.Unchanged:
                case EntityState.Modified: 
                case EntityState.Deleted:
                case EntityState.Detached:
                    break;
                default: 
                    throw InvalidEntityStateArgument("state");
            } 
        } 

        internal static void CheckValidStateForChangeRelationshipState(EntityState state, string paramName) 
        {
            switch (state)
            {
                case EntityState.Added: 
                case EntityState.Unchanged:
                case EntityState.Deleted: 
                case EntityState.Detached: 
                    break;
                default: 
                    throw InvalidRelationshipStateArgument(paramName);
            }
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidKey() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_InvalidKey); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException AcceptChangesEntityKeyIsNotValid() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_AcceptChangesEntityKeyIsNotValid); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityConflictsWithKeyEntry() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_EntityConflictsWithKeyEntry);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ObjectDoesNotHaveAKey(object entity) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_GetEntityKeyRequiresObjectToHaveAKey(entity.GetType().FullName)); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityValueChangedWithoutEntityValueChanging() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_EntityMemberChangedWithoutEntityMemberChanging); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ChangedInDifferentStateFromChanging(EntityState currentState, EntityState previousState) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_ChangedInDifferentStateFromChanging(currentState, previousState));
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException ChangeOnUnmappedProperty(string entityPropertyName) {
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_ChangeOnUnmappedProperty(entityPropertyName)); 
        } 

        internal static ArgumentException ChangeOnUnmappedComplexProperty(string complexPropertyName) { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_ChangeOnUnmappedComplexProperty(complexPropertyName));
        }

        internal static ArgumentException EntityTypeDoesNotMatchEntitySet(string entityType, string entitysetName, string argument) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_EntityTypeDoesnotMatchtoEntitySetType(entityType, entitysetName), argument);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NoEntryExistsForObject(object entity) 
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_NoEntryExistsForObject(entity.GetType().FullName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityNotTracked()
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_EntityNotTracked); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException SetOriginalComplexProperties(string propertyName) 
        { 
            return InvalidOperation(Strings.ObjectStateEntry_SetOriginalComplexProperties(propertyName));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NullOriginalValueForNonNullableProperty(string propertyName, string clrMemberName, string clrTypeName)
        {
            return InvalidOperation(Strings.ObjectStateEntry_NullOriginalValueForNonNullableProperty(propertyName, clrMemberName, clrTypeName));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException SetOriginalPrimaryKey(string propertyName)
        { 
            return InvalidOperation(Strings.ObjectStateEntry_SetOriginalPrimaryKey(propertyName)); 
        }
 
        #endregion

        #region ObjectMaterializer errors
 
        internal static void ThrowPropertyIsNotNullable()
        { 
            throw EntityUtil.Constraint( 
                System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_PropertyIsNotNullable);
 
        }

        internal static void ThrowPropertyIsNotNullable(string propertyName)
        { 
            throw EntityUtil.Constraint(
                System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_PropertyIsNotNullableWithName(propertyName)); 
 
        }
 
        internal static void ThrowSetInvalidValue(object value, Type destinationType, string className, string propertyName)
        {
            if (null == value)
            { 
                throw EntityUtil.Constraint(
                    System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_SetInvalidValue( 
                        (Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(destinationType) ?? destinationType).Name, 
                        className, propertyName, "null"));
            } 
            else
            {
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(
                    System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_SetInvalidValue( 
                        (Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(destinationType) ?? destinationType).Name,
                        className, propertyName, value.GetType().Name)); 
            } 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ValueInvalidCast(Type valueType, Type destinationType) 
        {
            Debug.Assert(null != valueType, "null valueType");
            Debug.Assert(null != destinationType, "null destinationType");
            if (destinationType.IsValueType && destinationType.IsGenericType && (typeof(Nullable<>) == destinationType.GetGenericTypeDefinition())) 
            {
                return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation( 
                    System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_InvalidCastNullable( 
                        valueType, destinationType.GetGenericArguments()[0]));
            } 
            else
            {
                return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(
                    System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_InvalidCastReference( 
                        valueType, destinationType));
            } 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ValueNullReferenceCast(Type destinationType)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(null != destinationType, "null value");
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_NullReferenceCast(destinationType.Name));
        }
 
        internal static NotSupportedException RecyclingEntity(EntityKey key, Type newEntityType, Type existingEntityType) {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_RecyclingEntity(System.Data.Common.TypeHelpers.GetFullName(key.EntityContainerName, key.EntitySetName), newEntityType.FullName, existingEntityType.FullName, key.ConcatKeyValue())); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException AddedEntityAlreadyExists(EntityKey key) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_AddedEntityAlreadyExists(key.ConcatKeyValue())); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotReEnumerateQueryResults() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_CannotReEnumerateQueryResults);
        } 
        internal static NotSupportedException MaterializerUnsupportedType() {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_UnsupportedType); 
        } 
        #endregion
 
        #region ObjectView errors
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotReplacetheEntityorRow() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_CannotReplacetheEntityorRow);
        } 
        internal static NotSupportedException IndexBasedInsertIsNotSupported() {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_IndexBasedInsertIsNotSupported); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException WriteOperationNotAllowedOnReadOnlyBindingList() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_WriteOperationNotAllowedOnReadOnlyBindingList); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException AddNewOperationNotAllowedOnAbstractBindingList() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_AddNewOperationNotAllowedOnAbstractBindingList);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException IncompatibleArgument() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_IncompatibleArgument); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotResolveTheEntitySetforGivenEntity(Type type) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_CannotResolveTheEntitySet(type.FullName)); 
        }


        #endregion 

 
        #region EntityCollection Errors 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NoRelationshipSetMatched(string relationshipName) {
            Debug.Assert(!String.IsNullOrEmpty(relationshipName), "empty relationshipName"); 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_NoRelationshipSetMatched(relationshipName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ExpectedCollectionGotReference(string typeName, string roleName, string relationshipName) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_ExpectedCollectionGotReference(typeName, roleName, relationshipName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotFillTryDifferentMergeOption(string relationshipName, string roleName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(Strings.Collections_CannotFillTryDifferentMergeOption(relationshipName, roleName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotRemergeCollections() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_UnableToMergeCollections);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ExpectedReferenceGotCollection(string typeName, string roleName, string relationshipName) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_ExpectedReferenceGotCollection(typeName, roleName, relationshipName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAddMoreThanOneEntityToEntityReference(string roleName, string relationshipName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_CannotAddMoreThanOneEntityToEntityReference(roleName, relationshipName)); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException CannotSetSpecialKeys() { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_CannotSetSpecialKeys, "value");
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityKeyValueMismatch() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_EntityKeyValueMismatch); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException RelatedEndNotAttachedToContext(string relatedEndType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_RelatedEndNotAttachedToContext(relatedEndType)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotCreateRelationshipBetweenTrackedAndNoTrackedEntities(string roleName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_CannotCreateRelationshipBetweenTrackedAndNoTrackedEntities(roleName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotCreateRelationshipEntitiesInDifferentContexts() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_CannotCreateRelationshipEntitiesInDifferentContexts); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidContainedTypeCollection(string entityType, string relatedEndType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidContainedType_Collection(entityType, relatedEndType)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidContainedTypeReference(string entityType, string relatedEndType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidContainedType_Reference(entityType, relatedEndType));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAddToFixedSizeArray(object collectionType) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_CannotAddToFixedSizeArray(collectionType.GetType())); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotRemoveFromFixedSizeArray(object collectionType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_CannotRemoveFromFixedSizeArray(collectionType.GetType())); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException OwnerIsNull() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_OwnerIsNull);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnableToAddRelationshipWithDeletedEntity() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_UnableToAddRelationshipWithDeletedEntity); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ConflictingChangeOfRelationshipDetected() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_ConflictingChangeOfRelationshipDetected); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidRelationshipFixupDetected(string propertyName, string entityType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidRelationshipFixupDetected(propertyName, entityType));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException LessThanExpectedRelatedEntitiesFound()
        { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_LessThanExpectedRelatedEntitiesFound);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException MoreThanExpectedRelatedEntitiesFound() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_MoreThanExpectedRelatedEntitiesFound);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotChangeReferentialConstraintProperty() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_CannotChangeReferentialConstraintProperty);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException RelatedEndNotFound() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_RelatedEndNotFound);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException LoadCalledOnNonEmptyNoTrackedRelatedEnd() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_LoadCalledOnNonEmptyNoTrackedRelatedEnd);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException LoadCalledOnAlreadyLoadedNoTrackedRelatedEnd() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_LoadCalledOnAlreadyLoadedNoTrackedRelatedEnd);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException MismatchedMergeOptionOnLoad(MergeOption mergeOption) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_MismatchedMergeOptionOnLoad(mergeOption));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntitySetIsNotValidForRelationship(string entitySetContainerName, string entitySetName, string roleName, string associationSetContainerName, string associationSetName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_EntitySetIsNotValidForRelationship(entitySetContainerName, entitySetName, roleName, associationSetContainerName, associationSetName));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnableToRetrieveReferentialConstraintProperties() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_UnableToRetrieveReferentialConstraintProperties);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InconsistentReferentialConstraintProperties() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InconsistentReferentialConstraintProperties);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CircularRelationshipsWithReferentialConstraints() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CircularRelationshipsWithReferentialConstraints);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException UnableToFindRelationshipTypeInMetadata(string relationshipName, string parameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_UnableToFindRelationshipTypeInMetadata(relationshipName), parameterName);
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidTargetRole(string relationshipName, string targetRoleName, string parameterName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InvalidTargetRole(relationshipName, targetRoleName), parameterName);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException OwnerIsNotSourceType(string ownerType, string sourceRoleType, string sourceRoleName, string relationshipName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_OwnerIsNotSourceType(ownerType, sourceRoleType, sourceRoleName, relationshipName));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnexpectedNullContext() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_UnexpectedNullContext);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ReferenceAlreadyInitialized() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_ReferenceAlreadyInitialized(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InitializeIsForDeserialization));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException RelationshipManagerAttached() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_RelationshipManagerAttached(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InitializeIsForDeserialization));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CollectionAlreadyInitialized() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CollectionAlreadyInitialized(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CollectionInitializeIsForDeserialization));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CollectionRelationshipManagerAttached() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CollectionRelationshipManagerAttached(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CollectionInitializeIsForDeserialization));
        } 
        internal static void CheckContextNull(ObjectContext context) 
        {
            if ((object)context == null) 
            {
                throw EntityUtil.UnexpectedNullContext();
            }
        } 

        internal static void CheckArgumentMergeOption(MergeOption mergeOption) { 
            switch(mergeOption) { 
            case MergeOption.NoTracking:
            case MergeOption.AppendOnly: 
            case MergeOption.OverwriteChanges:
            case MergeOption.PreserveChanges:
                break;
            default: 
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidMergeOption(mergeOption);
            } 
        } 
        internal static void CheckArgumentRefreshMode(RefreshMode refreshMode) {
            switch(refreshMode) { 
            case RefreshMode.ClientWins:
            case RefreshMode.StoreWins:
                break;
            default: 
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidRefreshMode(refreshMode);
            } 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityStateSource() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_InvalidEntityStateSource); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityStateLoad(string relatedEndType) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_InvalidEntityStateLoad(relatedEndType));
 	    } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidOwnerStateForAttach() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidOwnerStateForAttach); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidNthElementNullForAttach(int index) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidNthElementNullForAttach(index)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidNthElementContextForAttach(int index) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidNthElementContextForAttach(index));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidNthElementStateForAttach(int index) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidNthElementStateForAttach(index)); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityContextForAttach() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidEntityContextForAttach); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityStateForAttach() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidEntityStateForAttach);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnableToAddToDisconnectedRelatedEnd() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_UnableToAddEntity); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnableToRemoveFromDisconnectedRelatedEnd() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_UnableToRemoveEntity); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ProxyMetadataIsUnavailable(Type type, Exception inner) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityProxyTypeInfo_ProxyMetadataIsUnavailable(type.FullName), inner);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException DuplicateTypeForProxyType(Type type) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityProxyTypeInfo_DuplicateOSpaceType(type.FullName)); 
        } 
        #endregion
 
        #region ObjectContext errors
        internal static InvalidOperationException ClientEntityRemovedFromStore(string entitiesKeys) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ClientEntityRemovedFromStore(entitiesKeys));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException StoreEntityNotPresentInClient() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_StoreEntityNotPresentInClient); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ContextMetadataHasChanged() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_MetadataHasChanged); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidConnection(bool isConnectionConstructor, Exception innerException)
        {
            if (isConnectionConstructor) 
            {
                return InvalidConnection("connection", innerException); 
            } 
            else
            { 
                return InvalidConnectionString("connectionString", innerException);
            }
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidConnectionString(string parameter, Exception inner) { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidConnectionString, parameter, inner);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidConnection(string parameter, Exception inner) { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidConnection, parameter, inner);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidDataAdapter() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidDataAdapter);
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidDefaultContainerName(string parameter, string defaultContainerName) { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidDefaultContainerName(defaultContainerName), parameter);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NthElementInAddedState(int i) { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NthElementInAddedState(i));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NthElementIsDuplicate(int i) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NthElementIsDuplicate(i));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException NthElementIsNull(int i) { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NthElementIsNull(i));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NthElementNotInObjectStateManager(int i) { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NthElementNotInObjectStateManager(i));
        } 
        internal static ObjectDisposedException ObjectContextDisposed() {
            return EntityUtil.ObjectDisposed(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ObjectDisposed);
        }
        internal static ObjectNotFoundException ObjectNotFound() { 
            return EntityUtil.ObjectNotFound(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ObjectNotFound);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityType(Type type) { 
            Debug.Assert(type != null, "The type cannot be null.");
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NoMappingForEntityType(type.FullName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotDeleteEntityNotInObjectStateManager() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotDeleteEntityNotInObjectStateManager);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotDetachEntityNotInObjectStateManager() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotDetachEntityNotInObjectStateManager); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntitySetNotFoundForName(string entitySetName) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntitySetNotFoundForName(entitySetName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityContainterNotFoundForName(string entityContainerName) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityContainerNotFoundForName(entityContainerName));
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidCommandTimeout(string argument) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidCommandTimeout, argument); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityAlreadyExistsInObjectStateManager() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityAlreadyExistsInObjectStateManager); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntitySetInKey(string keyContainer, string keyEntitySet, string expectedContainer, string expectedEntitySet) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidEntitySetInKey(keyContainer, keyEntitySet, expectedContainer, expectedEntitySet));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntitySetInKeyFromName(string keyContainer, string keyEntitySet, string expectedContainer, string expectedEntitySet, string argument) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidEntitySetInKeyFromName(keyContainer, keyEntitySet, expectedContainer, expectedEntitySet, argument)); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAttachEntityWithoutKey() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotAttachEntityWithoutKey); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAttachEntityWithTemporaryKey() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotAttachEntityWithTemporaryKey);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntitySetNameOrEntityKeyRequired() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntitySetNameOrEntityKeyRequired); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ExecuteFunctionTypeMismatch(Type typeArgument, EdmType expectedElementType) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ExecuteFunctionTypeMismatch( 
                typeArgument.FullName,
                expectedElementType.FullName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ExecuteFunctionCalledWithNonReaderFunction(EdmFunction functionImport) { 
            // report ExecuteNonQuery return type if no explicit return type is given
            string message; 
            if (null == functionImport.ReturnParameter) 
            {
                message = System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ExecuteFunctionCalledWithNonQueryFunction( 
                    functionImport.Name);
            }
            else
            { 
                message = System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ExecuteFunctionCalledWithScalarFunction(
                    functionImport.ReturnParameter.TypeUsage.EdmType.FullName, functionImport.Name); 
            } 
            return InvalidOperation(message);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException QualfiedEntitySetName(string parameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_QualfiedEntitySetName, parameterName);
        }
        internal static ArgumentException ContainerQualifiedEntitySetNameRequired(string argument) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ContainerQualifiedEntitySetNameRequired, argument);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotSetDefaultContainerName() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotSetDefaultContainerName);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException EntitiesHaveDifferentType(string originalEntityTypeName, string changedEntityTypeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntitiesHaveDifferentType(originalEntityTypeName, changedEntityTypeName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityMustBeUnchangedOrModified(EntityState state) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityMustBeUnchangedOrModified(state.ToString()));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityMustBeUnchangedOrModifiedOrDeleted(EntityState state) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityMustBeUnchangedOrModifiedOrDeleted(state.ToString()));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityNotTrackedOrHasTempKey()
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityNotTrackedOrHasTempKey);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException AcceptAllChangesFailure(Exception e) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_AcceptAllChangesFailure(e.Message)); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidEntitySetOnEntity(string entitySetName, Type entityType, string parameter) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidEntitySetOnEntity(entitySetName, entityType), parameter);
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidEntityTypeForObjectSet(string tEntityType, string entitySetType, string entitySetName, string parameter) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidObjectSetTypeForEntitySet(tEntityType, entitySetType, entitySetName), parameter); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException RequiredMetadataNotAvailable() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_RequiredMetadataNotAvailble); 
        }
 
        internal static ArgumentException MultipleEntitySetsFoundInSingleContainer(string entityTypeName, string entityContainerName, string exceptionParameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_MultipleEntitySetsFoundInSingleContainer(entityTypeName, entityContainerName), exceptionParameterName);
        }
 
        internal static ArgumentException MultipleEntitySetsFoundInAllContainers(string entityTypeName, string exceptionParameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_MultipleEntitySetsFoundInAllContainers(entityTypeName), exceptionParameterName); 
        } 

        internal static ArgumentException NoEntitySetFoundForType(string entityTypeName, string exceptionParameterName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NoEntitySetFoundForType(entityTypeName), exceptionParameterName);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityNotInObjectSet_Delete(string actualContainerName, string actualEntitySetName, string expectedContainerName, string expectedEntitySetName) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityNotInObjectSet_Delete(actualContainerName, actualEntitySetName, expectedContainerName, expectedEntitySetName)); 
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityNotInObjectSet_Detach(string actualContainerName, string actualEntitySetName, string expectedContainerName, string expectedEntitySetName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityNotInObjectSet_Detach(actualContainerName, actualEntitySetName, expectedContainerName, expectedEntitySetName));
        } 

        internal static ArgumentException InvalidRelationshipStateArgument(string paramName)
        {
            return new ArgumentException(Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidRelationshipState, paramName); 
        }
 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidEntityStateArgument(string paramName) 
        {
            return new ArgumentException(Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidEntityState, paramName); 
        }

        #endregion
 
        #region Complex Types Errors
        // Complex types exceptions 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NullableComplexTypesNotSupported(string propertyName) 
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ComplexObject_NullableComplexTypesNotSupported(propertyName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ComplexObjectAlreadyAttachedToParent()
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ComplexObject_ComplexObjectAlreadyAttachedToParent); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException ComplexChangeRequestedOnScalarProperty(string propertyName) 
        { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ComplexObject_ComplexChangeRequestedOnScalarProperty(propertyName));
        } 
        #endregion

        internal static ArgumentException SpanPathSyntaxError() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectQuery_Span_SpanPathSyntaxError); 
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException DataRecordMustBeEntity() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_DataRecordMustBeEntity);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException EntitySetDoesNotMatch(string argument, string entitySetName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_EntitySetDoesNotMatch(entitySetName), argument);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityTypesDoNotMatch(string recordType, string entitySetType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_EntityTypesDoNotMatch(recordType, entitySetType));
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException IncorrectNumberOfKeyValuePairs(string argument, string typeName, int expectedNumFields, int actualNumFields) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_IncorrectNumberOfKeyValuePairs(typeName, expectedNumFields, actualNumFields), argument);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException IncorrectNumberOfKeyValuePairsInvalidOperation(string typeName, int expectedNumFields, int actualNumFields)
        {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_IncorrectNumberOfKeyValuePairs(typeName, expectedNumFields, actualNumFields));
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException IncorrectValueType(string argument, string keyField, string expectedTypeName, string actualTypeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_IncorrectValueType(keyField, expectedTypeName, actualTypeName), argument); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException IncorrectValueTypeInvalidOperation(string keyField, string expectedTypeName, string actualTypeName)
        { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_IncorrectValueType(keyField, expectedTypeName, actualTypeName));
        }
        internal static ArgumentException MissingKeyValue(string argument, string keyField, string typeName) {
            return MissingKeyValue(argument, keyField, typeName, null); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException MissingKeyValue(string argument, string keyField, string typeName, Exception inner) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_MissingKeyValue(keyField, typeName), argument); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException NullKeyValue(string keyField, string typeName) 
        {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_NullKeyValue(keyField, typeName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException MissingKeyValueInvalidOperation(string keyField, string typeName) 
        {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_MissingKeyValue(keyField, typeName)); 
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException NoNullsAllowedInKeyValuePairs(string argument) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_NoNullsAllowedInKeyValuePairs, argument); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException EntityKeyMustHaveValues(string argument) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_EntityKeyMustHaveValues, argument);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidQualifiedEntitySetName() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_InvalidQualifiedEntitySetName, "qualifiedEntitySetName"); 
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException EntityKeyInvalidName(string invalidName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_InvalidName(invalidName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException MissingQualifiedEntitySetName() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_MissingEntitySetName);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotChangeEntityKey() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_CannotChangeKey); 
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException UnexpectedNullEntityKey() 
        {
            return new InvalidOperationException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_UnexpectedNull);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityKeyDoesntMatchKeySetOnEntity(object entity) 
        {
            return new InvalidOperationException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_DoesntMatchKeyOnEntity(entity.GetType().FullName)); 
        } 
        internal static void CheckEntityKeyNull(EntityKey entityKey)
        { 
            if ((object)entityKey == null)
            {
                throw EntityUtil.UnexpectedNullEntityKey();
            } 
        }
        internal static void CheckEntityKeysMatch(IEntityWrapper wrappedEntity, EntityKey key) 
        { 
            if (wrappedEntity.EntityKey != key)
            { 
                throw EntityUtil.EntityKeyDoesntMatchKeySetOnEntity(wrappedEntity.Entity);
            }
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnexpectedNullRelationshipManager() 
        {
            return new InvalidOperationException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_UnexpectedNull); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidRelationshipManagerOwner()
        { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InvalidRelationshipManagerOwner);
        }

        internal static void ValidateEntitySetInKey(EntityKey key, EntitySet entitySet) 
        {
            ValidateEntitySetInKey(key, entitySet, null); 
        } 
        internal static void ValidateEntitySetInKey(EntityKey key, EntitySet entitySet, string argument)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(null != (object)key, "Null entity key");
            Debug.Assert(null != entitySet, "Null entity set");
            Debug.Assert(null != entitySet.EntityContainer, "Null entity container in the entity set");
 
            string containerName1 = key.EntityContainerName;
            string setName1 = key.EntitySetName; 
            string containerName2 = entitySet.EntityContainer.Name; 
            string setName2 = entitySet.Name;
 
            if (!StringComparer.Ordinal.Equals(containerName1, containerName2) ||
                !StringComparer.Ordinal.Equals(setName1, setName2))
            {
                if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(argument)) 
                {
                    throw EntityUtil.InvalidEntitySetInKey( 
                        containerName1, setName1, 
                        containerName2, setName2);
                } 
                else
                {
                    throw EntityUtil.InvalidEntitySetInKeyFromName(
                        containerName1, setName1, 
                        containerName2, setName2, argument);
                } 
            } 
        }
 


        // IDataParameter.Direction
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidMergeOption(MergeOption value) { 
#if DEBUG
            switch(value) { 
            case MergeOption.NoTracking: 
            case MergeOption.OverwriteChanges:
            case MergeOption.PreserveChanges: 
            case MergeOption.AppendOnly:
                Debug.Assert(false, "valid MergeOption " + value.ToString());
                break;
            } 
#endif
            return InvalidEnumerationValue(typeof(MergeOption), (int) value); 
        } 

        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidRefreshMode(RefreshMode value) { 
#if DEBUG
            switch(value) {
            case RefreshMode.ClientWins:
            case RefreshMode.StoreWins: 
                Debug.Assert(false, "valid RefreshMode " + value.ToString());
                break; 
            } 
#endif
            return InvalidEnumerationValue(typeof(RefreshMode), (int) value); 
        }

        //
        // : IDataParameter 
        //
        static internal ArgumentException InvalidDataType(TypeCode typecode) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataType(typecode.ToString())); 
        }
 
        static internal ArgumentException UnknownDataTypeCode(Type dataType, TypeCode typeCode) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_UnknownDataTypeCode(((int) typeCode).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), dataType.FullName));
        }
        // 
        // UpdateException
        // 
        static private IEnumerable ProcessStateEntries(IEnumerable stateEntries) 
        {
            return stateEntries 
            // In a future release, IEntityStateEntry will be public so we will be able to throw exceptions
            // with this more general type. For now we cast to ObjectStateEntry (the only implementation
            // of the internal interface).
                .Cast() 
            // Return distinct entries (no need to report an entry multiple times even if it contributes
            // to the exception in multiple ways) 
                .Distinct(); 
        }
        static internal void ValidateNecessaryFunctionMapping( 
                StorageFunctionMapping functionMapping, string currentState,
                IEntityStateEntry stateEntry, string type, string typeName)
        {
            if (null == functionMapping) 
            {
                throw EntityUtil.Update(Strings.Update_MissingFunctionMapping(currentState, type, typeName), 
                null, 
                new List() { stateEntry });
            } 
        }
        static internal UpdateException Update(string message, Exception innerException, params IEntityStateEntry[] stateEntries) {
            return Update(message, innerException, (IEnumerable)stateEntries);
        } 
        static internal UpdateException Update(string message, Exception innerException, IEnumerable stateEntries)
        { 
            UpdateException e = new UpdateException(message, innerException, ProcessStateEntries(stateEntries)); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        static internal OptimisticConcurrencyException UpdateConcurrency(long rowsAffected, Exception innerException, IEnumerable stateEntries)
        {
            string message = System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_ConcurrencyError(rowsAffected); 
            OptimisticConcurrencyException e = new OptimisticConcurrencyException(message, innerException, ProcessStateEntries(stateEntries));
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal UpdateException UpdateRelationshipCardinalityConstraintViolation(string relationshipSetName, 
            int minimumCount, int? maximumCount, string entitySetName, int actualCount, string otherEndPluralName, IEntityStateEntry stateEntry) {
            string minimumCountString = ConvertCardinalityToString(minimumCount);
            string maximumCountString = ConvertCardinalityToString(maximumCount);
            string actualCountString = ConvertCardinalityToString(actualCount); 
            if (minimumCount == 1 && (minimumCountString == maximumCountString))
            { 
                // Just one acceptable value and itis value is 1 
                return Update(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_RelationshipCardinalityConstraintViolationSingleValue(
                    entitySetName, relationshipSetName, actualCountString, otherEndPluralName, 
                    minimumCountString), null, stateEntry);
            }
            else
            { 
                // Range of acceptable values
                return Update(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_RelationshipCardinalityConstraintViolation( 
                    entitySetName, relationshipSetName, actualCountString, otherEndPluralName, 
                    minimumCountString, maximumCountString), null, stateEntry);
            } 
        }
        static internal UpdateException UpdateEntityMissingConstraintViolation(string relationshipSetName, string endName, IEntityStateEntry stateEntry) {
            string message = System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_MissingRequiredEntity(relationshipSetName, stateEntry.State, endName);
            return Update(message, null, stateEntry); 
        }
        static private string ConvertCardinalityToString(int? cardinality) { 
            string result; 
            if (!cardinality.HasValue) { // null indicates * (unlimited)
                result = "*"; 
            }
            else {
                result = cardinality.Value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
            } 
            return result;
        } 
        static internal UpdateException UpdateMissingEntity(string relationshipSetName, string entitySetName) { 
            return Update(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_MissingEntity(relationshipSetName, entitySetName), null);
        } 

        static internal ArgumentException CollectionParameterElementIsNull(string parameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_CollectionParameterElementIsNull(parameterName));
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException CollectionParameterElementIsNullOrEmpty(string parameterName) {
            //return Argument(System.Data.Entity.System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_CollectionParameterElementIsNullOrEmpty(parameterName)); 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_CollectionParameterElementIsNullOrEmpty(parameterName)); 
        }
 
        static internal InvalidOperationException FunctionDefinitionResultTypeMismatch(EdmFunction function, TypeUsage generatedDefinitionResultType)
        {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Cqt_UDF_FunctionDefinitionResultTypeMismatch(
                TypeHelpers.GetFullName(function.ReturnParameter.TypeUsage), 
                function.FullName,
                TypeHelpers.GetFullName(generatedDefinitionResultType))); 
        } 

        //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        //
        // Helper Functions 
        //
        internal static void ThrowArgumentNullException(string parameterName) 
        { 
            throw ArgumentNull(parameterName);
        } 
        internal static void ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(string parameterName)
        {
            throw ArgumentOutOfRange(parameterName);
        } 
        internal static T CheckArgumentOutOfRange(T[] values, int index, string parameterName)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(null != values, "null values"); // use a different method if values can be null 
            if (unchecked((uint)values.Length <= (uint)index))
            { 
                ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(parameterName);
            }
            return values[index];
        } 

        static internal T CheckArgumentNull(T value, string parameterName) where T : class 
        { 
            if (null == value)
            { 
                ThrowArgumentNullException(parameterName);
            }
            return value;
        } 

        static internal IEnumerable CheckArgumentContainsNull(ref IEnumerable enumerableArgument, string argumentName) where T : class 
        { 
            GetCheapestSafeEnumerableAsCollection(ref enumerableArgument);
            foreach (T item in enumerableArgument) 
            {
                if(item == null)
                {
                    throw EntityUtil.Argument(Strings.CheckArgumentContainsNullFailed(argumentName)); 
                }
            } 
            return enumerableArgument; 
        }
 
        static internal IEnumerable CheckArgumentEmpty(ref IEnumerable enumerableArgument, Func errorMessage, string argumentName)
        {
            int count;
            GetCheapestSafeCountOfEnumerable(ref enumerableArgument, out count); 
            if (count <= 0)
            { 
                throw EntityUtil.Argument(errorMessage(argumentName)); 
            }
            return enumerableArgument; 
        }

        private static void GetCheapestSafeCountOfEnumerable(ref IEnumerable enumerable, out int count)
        { 
            ICollection collection = GetCheapestSafeEnumerableAsCollection(ref enumerable);
            count = collection.Count; 
        } 

        private static ICollection GetCheapestSafeEnumerableAsCollection(ref IEnumerable enumerable) 
        {
            ICollection collection = enumerable as ICollection;
            if (collection != null)
            { 
                // cheap way
                return collection; 
            } 

            // expensive way, but we don't know if the enumeration is rewindable so... 
            enumerable = new List(enumerable);
            return enumerable as ICollection;
        }
 
        static internal T GenericCheckArgumentNull(T value, string parameterName) where T: class
        { 
            return CheckArgumentNull(value, parameterName); 
        }
 
        // EntityConnectionStringBuilder
        static internal ArgumentException KeywordNotSupported(string keyword)
        {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityClient_KeywordNotSupported(keyword)); 
        }
 
        // Invalid Enumeration 

        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidEnumerationValue(Type type, int value) { 
            return EntityUtil.ArgumentOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidEnumerationValue(type.Name, value.ToString(System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)), type.Name);
        }

 
        /// 
        /// Given a provider factory, this returns the provider invarian name for the provider. 
        ///  
        static internal bool TryGetProviderInvariantName(DbProviderFactory providerFactory, out string invariantName)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(providerFactory != null);

            DataTable infoTable = DbProviderFactories.GetFactoryClasses();
            Debug.Assert(infoTable.Rows != null); 

            foreach (DataRow row in infoTable.Rows) 
            { 
                if (((string)row[AssemblyQualifiedNameIndex]).Equals(providerFactory.GetType().AssemblyQualifiedName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                { 
                    invariantName = (string)row[InvariantNameIndex];
                    return true;
                }
            } 
            invariantName=null;
            return false; 
        } 

        // Invalid string argument 

        static internal void CheckStringArgument(string value, string parameterName)
        {
            // Throw ArgumentNullException when string is null 
            CheckArgumentNull(value, parameterName);
 
            // Throw ArgumentException when string is empty 
            if (value.Length == 0)
            { 
                throw InvalidStringArgument(parameterName);
            }
        }
 
        // only StackOverflowException & ThreadAbortException are sealed classes
        static private readonly Type StackOverflowType   = typeof(System.StackOverflowException); 
        static private readonly Type OutOfMemoryType     = typeof(System.OutOfMemoryException); 
        static private readonly Type ThreadAbortType     = typeof(System.Threading.ThreadAbortException);
        static private readonly Type NullReferenceType   = typeof(System.NullReferenceException); 
        static private readonly Type AccessViolationType = typeof(System.AccessViolationException);
        static private readonly Type SecurityType        = typeof(System.Security.SecurityException);
        static private readonly Type CommandExecutionType = typeof(EntityCommandExecutionException);
        static private readonly Type CommandCompilationType = typeof(EntityCommandCompilationException); 
        static private readonly Type QueryType = typeof(EntitySqlException);
 
        static internal bool IsCatchableExceptionType (Exception e) { 
            // a 'catchable' exception is defined by what it is not.
            Debug.Assert(e != null, "Unexpected null exception!"); 
            Type type = e.GetType();

            return ( (type != StackOverflowType) &&
                     (type != OutOfMemoryType)   && 
                     (type != ThreadAbortType)   &&
                     (type != NullReferenceType) && 
                     (type != AccessViolationType) && 
                     !SecurityType.IsAssignableFrom(type));
        } 

        static internal bool IsCatchableEntityExceptionType(Exception e)
        {
            Debug.Assert(e != null, "Unexpected null exception!"); 
            Type type = e.GetType();
 
            return IsCatchableExceptionType(e) && 
                type != CommandExecutionType &&
                type != CommandCompilationType && 
                type != QueryType;
        }

        static internal bool IsNull(object value) { 
            if ((null == value) || (DBNull.Value == value)) {
                return true; 
            } 
            INullable nullable = (value as INullable);
            return ((null != nullable) && nullable.IsNull); 
        }

        /// 
        /// Utility method to raise internal error when a throttling constraint is violated during 
        /// Boolean expression analysis. An internal exception is thrown including the given message
        /// if the given condition is false. This allows us to give up on an unexpectedly difficult 
        /// computation rather than risk hanging the user's machine. 
        /// 
        static internal void BoolExprAssert(bool condition, string message) 
        {
            if (!condition)
            {
                throw InternalError(InternalErrorCode.BoolExprAssert, 0, message); 
            }
        } 
 
        static internal PropertyInfo GetTopProperty(Type t, string propertyName)
        { 
            return GetTopProperty(ref t, propertyName);
        }

        ///  
        /// Returns the PropertyInfo and Type where a given property is defined
        /// This is done by traversing the type hierarchy to find the type match. 
        ///  
        /// 
        ///  
        /// 
        static internal PropertyInfo GetTopProperty(ref Type t, string propertyName)
        {
            PropertyInfo propertyInfo = null; 
            while (propertyInfo == null && t != null)
            { 
                propertyInfo = t.GetProperty(propertyName, BindingFlags.Instance | 
                                                           BindingFlags.Public |
                                                           BindingFlags.NonPublic | 
                                                           BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly);
                t = t.BaseType;
            }
            t = propertyInfo.DeclaringType; 
            return propertyInfo;
        } 
 
        internal static Dictionary COMPILER_VERSION = new Dictionary() { { "CompilerVersion", "V3.5" } }; //v3.5 required for compiling model files with partial methods.
 
#if false
        public static T FieldCast(object value) {
            try {
                // will result in an InvalidCastException if !(value is T) 
                // this pattern also supports handling System.Data.SqlTypes
                return (T)((DBNull.Value == value) ? null : value); 
            } 
            catch(NullReferenceException) {
                // (value == null) and (T is struct) and (T is not Nullable<>), convert to InvalidCastException 
                return (T)(object)System.DBNull.Value;
            }
        }
#endif 
    }
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
// 
//     Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
// 
// [....] 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
namespace System.Data { 

    using Microsoft.Win32; 
    using System;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel; 
    using System.Configuration;
    using System.Data; 
    using System.Data.Metadata.Edm; 
    using System.Data.Objects;
    using System.Data.Objects.DataClasses; 
    using System.Data.Objects.Internal;
    using System.Data.SqlTypes;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Globalization; 
    using System.IO;
    using System.Reflection; 
    using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution; 
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Runtime.Serialization; 
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Xml;
    using System.Linq; 
    using System.Data.Common;
    using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server; 
    using System.Data.Entity; 
    using System.Data.Mapping;
 
    internal static class EntityUtil {

        const int AssemblyQualifiedNameIndex = 3;
        const int InvariantNameIndex = 2; 

        internal static bool? ThreeValuedNot(bool? operand) { 
            // three-valued logic 'not' (T = true, F = false, U = unknown) 
            //      !T = F
            //      !F = T 
            //      !U = U
            return operand.HasValue ? !operand.Value : (bool?)null;
        }
        internal static bool? ThreeValuedAnd(bool? left, bool? right) { 
            // three-valued logic 'and' (T = true, F = false, U = unknown)
            // 
            //      T & T = T 
            //      T & F = F
            //      F & F = F 
            //      F & T = F
            //      F & U = F
            //      U & F = F
            //      T & U = U 
            //      U & T = U
            //      U & U = U 
            bool? result; 
            if (left.HasValue && right.HasValue) {
                result = left.Value && right.Value; 
            }
            else if (!left.HasValue && !right.HasValue) {
                result = null; // unknown
            } 
            else if (left.HasValue) {
                result = left.Value ? 
                    (bool?)null :// unknown 
                    false;
            } 
            else {
                result = right.Value ?
                    (bool?)null :
                    false; 
            }
            return result; 
        } 

        internal static bool? ThreeValuedOr(bool? left, bool? right) { 
            // three-valued logic 'or' (T = true, F = false, U = unknown)
            //
            //      T | T = T
            //      T | F = T 
            //      F | F = F
            //      F | T = T 
            //      F | U = U 
            //      U | F = U
            //      T | U = T 
            //      U | T = T
            //      U | U = U
            bool? result;
            if (left.HasValue && right.HasValue) { 
                result = left.Value || right.Value;
            } 
            else if (!left.HasValue && !right.HasValue) { 
                result = null; // unknown
            } 
            else if (left.HasValue) {
                result = left.Value ?
                    true :
                    (bool?)null; // unknown 
            }
            else { 
                result = right.Value ? 
                    true :
                    (bool?)null; // unknown 
            }
            return result;
        }
 
        /// 
        /// Zips two enumerables together (e.g., given {1, 3, 5} and {2, 4, 6} returns {{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}}) 
        ///  
        internal static IEnumerable> Zip(this IEnumerable first, IEnumerable second)
        { 
            if (null == first || null == second) { yield break; }
            using (IEnumerator firstEnumerator = first.GetEnumerator())
            using (IEnumerator secondEnumerator = second.GetEnumerator())
            { 
                while (firstEnumerator.MoveNext() && secondEnumerator.MoveNext())
                { 
                    yield return new KeyValuePair(firstEnumerator.Current, secondEnumerator.Current); 
                }
            } 
        }

        /// 
        /// Returns true if the type implements ICollection<> 
        /// 
        internal static bool IsAnICollection(Type type) 
        { 
            return typeof(ICollection<>).IsAssignableFrom(type.GetGenericTypeDefinition()) ||
                    type.GetInterface(typeof(ICollection<>).FullName) != null; 

        }

        ///  
        /// Given a type that represents a collection, determine if the type implements ICollection<>, and if
        /// so return the element type of the collection.  Currently, if the collection implements ICollection<> 
        /// multiple times with different types, then we will return false since this is not supported. 
        /// 
        /// the collection type to examine 
        /// the type of element
        /// true if the collection implement ICollection<> false otherwise
        internal static bool TryGetICollectionElementType(Type collectionType, out Type elementType)
        { 
            elementType = null;
            // We have to check if the type actually is the interface, or if it implements the interface: 
            try 
            {
                Type collectionInterface = 
                     (collectionType.IsGenericType && typeof(ICollection<>).IsAssignableFrom(collectionType.GetGenericTypeDefinition())) ?
                     collectionType :
                     collectionType.GetInterface(typeof(ICollection<>).FullName);
 
                // We need to make sure the type is fully specified otherwise we won't be able to add element to it.
                if (collectionInterface != null && !collectionInterface.ContainsGenericParameters) 
                { 
                    elementType = collectionInterface.GetGenericArguments()[0];
                    return true; 
                }

            }
            catch (AmbiguousMatchException) 
            {
                // Thrown if collection type implements ICollection<> more than once 
            } 
            return false;
        } 

        /// 
        /// Helper method to determine the element type of the collection contained by the given property.
        /// If an unambiguous element type cannot be found, then an InvalidOperationException is thrown. 
        /// 
        internal static Type GetCollectionElementType(Type propertyType) 
        { 
            Type elementType;
            if (!EntityUtil.TryGetICollectionElementType(propertyType, out elementType)) 
            {
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.PocoEntityWrapper_UnexpectedTypeForNavigationProperty(
                                                  propertyType.FullName,
                                                  typeof(ICollection<>))); 
            }
            return elementType; 
        } 

        ///  
        /// This is used when we need to determine a concrete collection type given some type that may be
        /// abstract or an interface.
        /// 
        ///  
        /// The rules are:
        /// If the collection is defined as a concrete type with a publicly accessible parameterless constructor, then create an instance of that type 
        /// Else, if HashSet can be assigned to the type, then use HashSet 
        /// Else, if List can be assigned to the type, then use List
        /// Else, throw a nice exception. 
        /// 
        /// The type of collection that was requested
        /// The type to instantiate, or null if we cannot find a supported type to instantiate
        internal static Type DetermineCollectionType(Type requestedType) 
        {
            const BindingFlags constructorBinding = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.CreateInstance; 
 
            var elementType = EntityUtil.GetCollectionElementType(requestedType);
 
            if (requestedType.IsArray)
            {
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectQuery_UnableToMaterializeArray(
                                                  requestedType, typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(elementType))); 
            }
 
            if (!requestedType.IsAbstract && 
                requestedType.GetConstructor(constructorBinding, null, System.Type.EmptyTypes, null) != null)
            { 
                return requestedType;
            }

            var hashSetOfT = typeof(HashSet<>).MakeGenericType(elementType); 
            if (requestedType.IsAssignableFrom(hashSetOfT))
            { 
                return hashSetOfT; 
            }
 
            var listOfT = typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(elementType);
            if (requestedType.IsAssignableFrom(listOfT))
            {
                return listOfT; 
            }
 
            return null; 
        }
 
        /// 
        /// Returns the Type object that should be used to identify the type in the o-space
        /// metadata.  This is normally just the type that is passed in, but if the type
        /// is a proxy that we have generated, then its base type is returned instead. 
        /// This ensures that both proxy entities and normal entities are treated as the
        /// same kind of entity in the metadata and places where the metadata is used. 
        ///  
        internal static Type GetEntityIdentityType(Type entityType)
        { 
            return EntityProxyFactory.IsProxyType(entityType) ? entityType.BaseType : entityType;
        }

        ///  
        /// Provides a standard helper method for quoting identifiers
        ///  
        /// Identifier to be quoted. Does not validate that this identifier is valid. 
        /// Quoted string
        internal static string QuoteIdentifier(string identifier) 
        {
            Debug.Assert(identifier != null, "identifier should not be null");
            return "[" + identifier.Replace("]", "]]") + "]";
        } 

        // The class EntityUtil defines the exceptions that are specific to the Adapters. 
        // The class contains functions that take the proper informational variables and then construct 
        // the appropriate exception with an error string obtained from the resource Framework.txt.
        // The exception is then returned to the caller, so that the caller may then throw from its 
        // location so that the catcher of the exception will have the appropriate call stack.
        // This class is used so that there will be compile time checking of error messages.
        // The resource Framework.txt will ensure proper string text based on the appropriate
        // locale. 
        [EntityBidMethod]
        static private void TraceException( 
            string trace, 
            [EntityBidArgumentType(typeof(string))] Exception e) {
            Debug.Assert(null != e, "TraceException: null Exception"); 
            if (null != e) {
                EntityBid.Trace(trace, e.ToString()); // will include callstack if permission is available
            }
        } 

        static internal void TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(Exception e) { 
            TraceException(" '%ls'\n", e); 
        }
        static internal void TraceExceptionForCapture(Exception e) { 
            Debug.Assert(EntityUtil.IsCatchableExceptionType(e), "Invalid exception type, should have been re-thrown!");
            TraceException(" '%ls'\n", e);
        }
        // 
        // COM+ exceptions
        // 
        static internal ArgumentException Argument(string error) { 
            ArgumentException e = new ArgumentException(error);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        }
        static internal ArgumentException Argument(string error, Exception inner) {
            ArgumentException e = new ArgumentException(error, inner); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException Argument(string error, string parameter) {
            ArgumentException e = new ArgumentException(error, parameter); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        }
        static internal ArgumentException Argument(string error, string parameter, Exception inner) { 
            ArgumentException e = new ArgumentException(error, parameter, inner);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal ArgumentNullException ArgumentNull(string parameter) { 
            ArgumentNullException e = new ArgumentNullException(parameter);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        } 
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException ArgumentOutOfRange(string parameterName) {
            ArgumentOutOfRangeException e = new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(parameterName); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException ArgumentOutOfRange(string message, string parameterName) {
            ArgumentOutOfRangeException e = new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(parameterName, message);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecution(string message) { 
            EntityCommandExecutionException e = new EntityCommandExecutionException(message); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecution(string message, Exception innerException) {
            EntityCommandExecutionException e = new EntityCommandExecutionException(message, innerException);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
        static internal EntityCommandCompilationException CommandCompilation(string message, Exception innerException) { 
            EntityCommandCompilationException e = new EntityCommandCompilationException(message, innerException);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        }
        static internal ConstraintException Constraint(string message) {
            ConstraintException e = new ConstraintException(message); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        } 
        static internal IndexOutOfRangeException IndexOutOfRange(string error) {
            IndexOutOfRangeException e = new IndexOutOfRangeException(error); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException InvalidOperation(string error) { 
            InvalidOperationException e = new InvalidOperationException(error);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException InvalidOperation(string error, Exception inner) { 
            InvalidOperationException e = new InvalidOperationException(error, inner);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException InvalidStringArgument(string parameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidStringArgument(parameterName), parameterName); 
        } 
        static internal MetadataException Metadata(string message, Exception inner) {
            MetadataException e = new MetadataException(message, inner); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        }
        static internal MetadataException Metadata(string message) { 
            MetadataException e = new MetadataException(message);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal NotSupportedException NotSupported() { 
            NotSupportedException e = new NotSupportedException();
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        } 
        static internal NotSupportedException NotSupported(string error) {
            NotSupportedException e = new NotSupportedException(error); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
        static internal ObjectDisposedException ObjectDisposed(string error) {
            ObjectDisposedException e = new ObjectDisposedException(null, error);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        static internal ObjectNotFoundException ObjectNotFound(string error) { 
            ObjectNotFoundException e = new ObjectNotFoundException(error); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }

        // SSDL Generator
        //static internal StrongTypingException StrongTyping(string error, Exception innerException) { 
        //    StrongTypingException e = new StrongTypingException(error, innerException);
        //    TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
        //    return e; 
        //}
        #region Query Exceptions 
        /// 
        /// EntityException factory method
        /// 
        ///  
        /// EntityException
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( string message ) 
        { 
            EntitySqlException e = new EntitySqlException(message);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        }

        ///  
        /// EntityException factory method
        ///  
        ///  
        /// 
        ///  
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( string message, Exception innerException)
        {
            EntitySqlException e = new EntitySqlException(message, innerException);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
 
        /// 
        /// EntityException factory method 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// EntityException 
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( System.Data.Common.EntitySql.ErrorContext errCtx, string message )
        { 
            EntitySqlException e = EntitySqlException.Create(errCtx, message, null); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }

        /// 
        /// EntityException factory method 
        /// 
        ///  
        ///  
        /// EntityException
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( System.Data.Common.EntitySql.ErrorContext errCtx, string message, Exception innerException ) 
        {
            EntitySqlException e = EntitySqlException.Create(errCtx, message, null);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
 
        ///  
        /// EntityException factory method
        ///  
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        ///  
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( string queryText, string errorMessage, int errorPosition )
        { 
            EntitySqlException e = EntitySqlException.Create(queryText, errorMessage, errorPosition, null, false, null); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }

        /// 
        /// EntityException factory method. AdditionalErrorInformation will be used inlined if loadContextInfoFromResource is false. 
        /// 
        ///  
        ///  
        /// 
        ///  
        /// 
        /// 
        static internal EntitySqlException EntitySqlError( string queryText,
                                                   string errorMessage, 
                                                   int errorPosition,
                                                   string additionalErrorInformation, 
                                                   bool loadContextInfoFromResource ) 
        {
            EntitySqlException e = EntitySqlException.Create(queryText, 
                                                  errorMessage,
                                                  errorPosition,
                                                  additionalErrorInformation,
                                                  loadContextInfoFromResource, 
                                                  null);
 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 

            return e; 
        }
        #endregion

        #region Bridge Errors 
        static internal ProviderIncompatibleException CannotCloneStoreProvider() {
            return ProviderIncompatible(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityClient_CannotCloneStoreProvider); 
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException ClosedDataReaderError() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_ClosedDataReaderError); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException DataReaderClosed(string method) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_DataReaderClosed(method));
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException ImplicitlyClosedDataReaderError() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_ImplicitlyClosedDataReaderError); 
        } 
        static internal IndexOutOfRangeException InvalidBufferSizeOrIndex(int numBytes, int bufferIndex) {
            return IndexOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidBufferSizeOrIndex(numBytes.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), bufferIndex.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))); 
        }
        static internal IndexOutOfRangeException InvalidDataLength(long length) {
            return IndexOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataLength(length.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)));
        } 
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidDestinationBufferIndex(int maxLen, int dstOffset, string parameterName) {
            return ArgumentOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDestinationBufferIndex(maxLen.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), dstOffset.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)), parameterName); 
        } 
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidSourceBufferIndex(int maxLen, long srcOffset, string parameterName) {
            return ArgumentOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidSourceBufferIndex(maxLen.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), srcOffset.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)), parameterName); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException MustUseSequentialAccess() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_MustUseSequentialAccess);
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException NoData() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_NoData); 
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException NonSequentialChunkAccess(long badIndex, long currIndex, string method) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_NonSequentialChunkAccess(badIndex.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), currIndex.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), method)); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException NonSequentialColumnAccess(int badCol, int currCol) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_NonSequentialColumnAccess(badCol.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), currCol.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)));
        } 
        static internal NotSupportedException KeysRequiredForJoinOverNest(Query.InternalTrees.Op op) {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_KeysRequiredForJoinOverNest(op.OpType.ToString())); 
        } 
        static internal NotSupportedException KeysRequiredForNesting() {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_KeysRequiredForNesting); 
        }
        static internal NotSupportedException NestingNotSupported(Query.InternalTrees.Op parentOp, Query.InternalTrees.Op childOp) {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_NestingNotSupported(parentOp.OpType.ToString(), childOp.OpType.ToString()));
        } 
        static internal NotSupportedException ProviderDoesNotSupportCommandTrees() {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_ProviderDoesNotSupportCommandTrees); 
        } 
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecutionDataReaderFieldCountForPrimitiveType() {
            return CommandExecution(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataReaderFieldCountForPrimitiveType); 
        }
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecutionDataReaderMissingColumnForType(EdmMember member, EdmType currentType) {
            return CommandExecution(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataReaderMissingColumnForType(
                currentType.FullName, member.Name)); 
        }
        static internal EntityCommandExecutionException CommandExecutionDataReaderMissinDiscriminatorColumn(string columnName, EdmFunction functionImport) { 
            return CommandExecution(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataReaderMissingDiscriminatorColumn(columnName, functionImport.FullName)); 
        }
 
        #endregion
        #region EntityClient Errors
        static internal ProviderIncompatibleException ProviderIncompatible(string error) {
            ProviderIncompatibleException e = new ProviderIncompatibleException(error); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        } 
        static internal ProviderIncompatibleException ProviderIncompatible(string error, Exception innerException) {
            ProviderIncompatibleException e = new ProviderIncompatibleException(error, innerException); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        }
        static internal EntityException Provider(string error) { 
            EntityException e = new EntityException(error);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal EntityException Provider(Exception inner) { 
            EntityException e = new EntityException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityClient_ProviderGeneralError,inner);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e;
        } 
        static internal EntityException Provider(string parameter, Exception inner) {
            EntityException e = new EntityException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityClient_ProviderSpecificError(parameter), inner); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e;
        } 
        static internal EntityException ProviderExceptionWithMessage(string message, Exception inner) {
            EntityException e = new EntityException(message, inner);
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        #endregion //EntityClient Errors 
 
        #region Metadata Errors
        static internal MetadataException InvalidSchemaEncountered(string errors) { 
            // EntityRes.GetString implementation truncates the string arguments to a max length of 1024.
            // Since csdl, ssdl, providermanifest can have bunch of errors in them and we want to
            // show all of them, we are using String.Format to form the error message.
            // Using CurrentCulture since that's what EntityRes.GetString uses. 
            return Metadata(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, EntityRes.GetString(EntityRes.InvalidSchemaEncountered), errors));
        } 
        static internal MetadataException InvalidCollectionForMapping(DataSpace space) { 
            return Metadata(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidCollectionForMapping(space.ToString()));
        } 
        // MemberCollection.cs
        static internal ArgumentException MemberInvalidIdentity(string identity, string parameter) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MemberInvalidIdentity(identity), parameter);
        } 
        // MetadataCollection.cs
        static internal ArgumentException ArrayTooSmall(string parameter) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ArrayTooSmall, parameter); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException ItemDuplicateIdentity(string identity, string parameter, Exception inner) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ItemDuplicateIdentity(identity), parameter, inner);
        }
        static internal ArgumentException ItemInvalidIdentity(string identity, string parameter) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ItemInvalidIdentity(identity), parameter); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException MoreThanOneItemMatchesIdentity(string identity) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MoreThanOneItemMatchesIdentity(identity)); 
        }
        static internal InvalidOperationException OperationOnReadOnlyCollection() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.OperationOnReadOnlyCollection);
        }
        // MetadataWorkspace.cs
        static internal InvalidOperationException ItemCollectionAlreadyRegistered(DataSpace space) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ItemCollectionAlreadyRegistered(space.ToString()));
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException NoCollectionForSpace(DataSpace space) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NoCollectionForSpace(space.ToString()));
        } 
        static internal InvalidOperationException InvalidCollectionSpecified(DataSpace space) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidCollectionSpecified(space));
        }
        static internal MetadataException DifferentSchemaVersionInCollection(string itemCollectionType, double versionToRegister, double currentSchemaVersion) 
        {
            return Metadata(Strings.DifferentSchemaVersionInCollection(itemCollectionType, versionToRegister, currentSchemaVersion)); 
        } 
        // TypeUsage.cs
        static internal ArgumentException NotBinaryTypeForTypeUsage() { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotBinaryTypeForTypeUsage);
        }
        static internal ArgumentException NotDateTimeTypeForTypeUsage() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotDateTimeTypeForTypeUsage); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException NotDateTimeOffsetTypeForTypeUsage() 
        { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotDateTimeOffsetTypeForTypeUsage);
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException NotTimeTypeForTypeUsage()
        {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotTimeTypeForTypeUsage);
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException NotDecimalTypeForTypeUsage() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotDecimalTypeForTypeUsage); 
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException NotStringTypeForTypeUsage() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.NotStringTypeForTypeUsage); 
        }
        // EntityContainer.cs
        static internal ArgumentException InvalidEntitySetName(string name) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidEntitySetName(name)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException InvalidRelationshipSetName(string name) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.InvalidRelationshipSetName(name)); 
        }
        // EntitySetBaseCollection.cs 
        static internal ArgumentException EntitySetInAnotherContainer(string parameter) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntitySetInAnotherContainer, parameter);
        }
        // util.cs 
        static internal InvalidOperationException OperationOnReadOnlyItem() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.OperationOnReadOnlyItem); 
        } 
        //FacetDescription.cs
        static internal ArgumentException MinAndMaxValueMustBeSameForConstantFacet(string facetName, string typeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MinAndMaxValueMustBeSameForConstantFacet(facetName, typeName));
        }
        static internal ArgumentException MissingDefaultValueForConstantFacet(string facetName, string typeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MissingDefaultValueForConstantFacet(facetName, typeName)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException BothMinAndMaxValueMustBeSpecifiedForNonConstantFacet(string facetName, string typeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.BothMinAndMaxValueMustBeSpecifiedForNonConstantFacet(facetName, typeName)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException MinAndMaxValueMustBeDifferentForNonConstantFacet(string facetName, string typeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MinAndMaxValueMustBeDifferentForNonConstantFacet(facetName, typeName));
        }
        static internal ArgumentException MinAndMaxMustBePositive(string facetName, string typeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MinAndMaxMustBePositive(facetName, typeName)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException MinMustBeLessThanMax(string minimumValue, string facetName, string typeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.MinMustBeLessThanMax(minimumValue, facetName, typeName)); 
        }
        static internal ArgumentException EntitySetNotInCSpace(string name) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntitySetNotInCSPace(name));
        }

        static internal ArgumentException TypeNotInEntitySet(string entitySetName, string rootEntityTypeName, string entityTypeName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.TypeNotInEntitySet(entityTypeName, rootEntityTypeName, entitySetName));
        } 
 
        static internal ArgumentException AssociationSetNotInCSpace(string name) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntitySetNotInCSPace(name)); 
        }

        static internal ArgumentException TypeNotInAssociationSet(string setName, string rootEntityTypeName, string typeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.TypeNotInAssociationSet(typeName, rootEntityTypeName, setName)); 
        }
        #endregion //Metadata Errors 
 
        #region Internal Errors
 
        // Internal error code to use with the InternalError exception.
        //
        // error numbers end up being hard coded in test cases; they can be removed, but should not be changed.
        // reusing error numbers is probably OK, but not recommended. 
        //
        // The acceptable range for this enum is 
        // 1000 - 1999 
        //
        // The Range 10,000-15,000 is reserved for tools 
        //
        /// You must never renumber these, because we rely upon them when
        /// we get an exception report once we release the bits.
        internal enum InternalErrorCode { 
            WrongNumberOfKeys = 1000,
            UnknownColumnMapKind = 1001, 
            NestOverNest = 1002, 
            ColumnCountMismatch = 1003,
 
            /// 
            /// Some assertion failed
            /// 
            AssertionFailed = 1004, 

            UnknownVar = 1005, 
            WrongVarType = 1006, 
            ExtentWithoutEntity = 1007,
            UnnestWithoutInput = 1008, 
            UnnestMultipleCollections = 1009,
            CodeGen_NoSuchProperty = 1011,
            JoinOverSingleStreamNest = 1012,
            InvalidInternalTree = 1013, 
            NameValuePairNext = 1014,
            InvalidParserState1 = 1015, 
            InvalidParserState2 = 1016, 
            /// 
            /// Thrown when SQL gen produces parameters for anything other than a 
            /// modification command tree.
            /// 
            SqlGenParametersNotPermitted = 1017,
            EntityKeyMissingKeyValue = 1018, 
            /// 
            /// Thrown when an invalid data request is presented to a PropagatorResult in 
            /// the update pipeline (confusing simple/complex values, missing key values, etc.). 
            /// 
            UpdatePipelineResultRequestInvalid = 1019, 
            InvalidStateEntry = 1020,
            /// 
            /// Thrown when the update pipeline encounters an invalid PrimitiveTypeKind
            /// during a cast. 
            /// 
            InvalidPrimitiveTypeKind = 1021, 
            ///  
            /// Thrown when an unknown node type is encountered in ELinq expression translation.
            ///  
            UnknownLinqNodeType = 1023,
            /// 
            /// Thrown by result assembly upon encountering a collection column that does not use any columns
            /// nor has a descriminated nested collection. 
            /// 
            CollectionWithNoColumns = 1024, 
            ///  
            /// Thrown when a lambda expression argument has an unexpected node type.
            ///  
            UnexpectedLinqLambdaExpressionFormat = 1025,
            /// 
            /// Thrown when a CommandTree is defined on a stored procedure EntityCommand instance.
            ///  
            CommandTreeOnStoredProcedureEntityCommand = 1026,
            ///  
            /// Thrown when an operation in the BoolExpr library is exceeding anticipated complexity. 
            /// 
            BoolExprAssert = 1027, 
            /// 
            /// Thrown when a body generation is attempted on a function without body definition.
            /// 
            AttemptToGenerateDefinitionForFunctionWithoutDef = 1028, 
            /// 
            /// Thrown when type A is promotable to type B, but ranking algorithm fails to rank the promotion. 
            ///  
            FailedToGeneratePromotionRank = 1029,
        } 

        static internal Exception InternalError(InternalErrorCode internalError) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InternalProviderError((int)internalError));
        } 

        static internal Exception InternalError(InternalErrorCode internalError, int location, object additionalInfo) { 
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); 
            sb.AppendFormat("{0}, {1}", (int)internalError, location);
            if (null != additionalInfo) { 
                sb.AppendFormat(", {0}", additionalInfo);
            }
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InternalProviderError(sb.ToString()));
        } 

        static internal Exception InternalError(InternalErrorCode internalError, int location) { 
            return InternalError(internalError, location, null); 
        }
 
        #endregion

        #region ObjectStateManager errors
        internal static InvalidOperationException OriginalValuesDoesNotExist() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_OriginalValuesDoesNotExist);
        } 
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CurrentValuesDoesNotExist() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CurrentValuesDoesNotExist); 
        }

        internal static ArgumentException InvalidTypeForComplexTypeProperty(string argument) {
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_InvalidTypeForComplexTypeProperty, argument); 
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ObjectStateEntryinInvalidState() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_InvalidState);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException CantModifyDetachedDeletedEntries() {
            throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CantModifyDetachedDeletedEntries);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException SetModifiedStates() 
        { 
            throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_SetModifiedStates);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityCantHaveMultipleChangeTrackers() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Entity_EntityCantHaveMultipleChangeTrackers);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException CantModifyRelationValues() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CantModifyRelationValues); 
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CantModifyRelationState() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CantModifyRelationState);
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotModifyKeyProperty(string fieldName) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CannotModifyKeyProperty(fieldName)); 
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException CantSetEntityKey() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CantSetEntityKey);
        }

        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAccessKeyEntryValues() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CannotAccessKeyEntryValues);
        } 
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotModifyKeyEntryState() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CannotModifyKeyEntryState); 
        }


        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotCallDeleteOnKeyEntry() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_CannotDeleteOnKeyEntry);
        } 
 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidModifiedPropertyName(string propertyName) {
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_SetModifiedOnInvalidProperty(propertyName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException NoEntryExistForEntityKey() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_NoEntryExistForEntityKey);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException DetachedObjectStateEntriesDoesNotExistInObjectStateManager() {
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_DetachedObjectStateEntriesDoesNotExistInObjectStateManager); 
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException ObjectStateManagerContainsThisEntityKey() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_ObjectStateManagerContainsThisEntityKey);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ObjectStateManagerDoesnotAllowToReAddUnchangedOrModifiedOrDeletedEntity(EntityState state) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_DoesnotAllowToReAddUnchangedOrModifiedOrDeletedEntity(state)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotFixUpKeyToExistingValues() { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_CannotFixUpKeyToExistingValues); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException KeyPropertyDoesntMatchValueInKey(bool forAttach) 
        {
            if (forAttach)
            {
                return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_KeyPropertyDoesntMatchValueInKeyForAttach); 
            }
            else 
            { 
                return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_KeyPropertyDoesntMatchValueInKey);
            } 
        }

        internal static void CheckValidStateForChangeEntityState(EntityState state)
        { 
            switch(state)
            { 
                case EntityState.Added: 
                case EntityState.Unchanged:
                case EntityState.Modified: 
                case EntityState.Deleted:
                case EntityState.Detached:
                    break;
                default: 
                    throw InvalidEntityStateArgument("state");
            } 
        } 

        internal static void CheckValidStateForChangeRelationshipState(EntityState state, string paramName) 
        {
            switch (state)
            {
                case EntityState.Added: 
                case EntityState.Unchanged:
                case EntityState.Deleted: 
                case EntityState.Detached: 
                    break;
                default: 
                    throw InvalidRelationshipStateArgument(paramName);
            }
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidKey() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_InvalidKey); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException AcceptChangesEntityKeyIsNotValid() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_AcceptChangesEntityKeyIsNotValid); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityConflictsWithKeyEntry() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_EntityConflictsWithKeyEntry);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ObjectDoesNotHaveAKey(object entity) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_GetEntityKeyRequiresObjectToHaveAKey(entity.GetType().FullName)); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityValueChangedWithoutEntityValueChanging() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_EntityMemberChangedWithoutEntityMemberChanging); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ChangedInDifferentStateFromChanging(EntityState currentState, EntityState previousState) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_ChangedInDifferentStateFromChanging(currentState, previousState));
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException ChangeOnUnmappedProperty(string entityPropertyName) {
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_ChangeOnUnmappedProperty(entityPropertyName)); 
        } 

        internal static ArgumentException ChangeOnUnmappedComplexProperty(string complexPropertyName) { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateEntry_ChangeOnUnmappedComplexProperty(complexPropertyName));
        }

        internal static ArgumentException EntityTypeDoesNotMatchEntitySet(string entityType, string entitysetName, string argument) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_EntityTypeDoesnotMatchtoEntitySetType(entityType, entitysetName), argument);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NoEntryExistsForObject(object entity) 
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_NoEntryExistsForObject(entity.GetType().FullName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityNotTracked()
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectStateManager_EntityNotTracked); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException SetOriginalComplexProperties(string propertyName) 
        { 
            return InvalidOperation(Strings.ObjectStateEntry_SetOriginalComplexProperties(propertyName));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NullOriginalValueForNonNullableProperty(string propertyName, string clrMemberName, string clrTypeName)
        {
            return InvalidOperation(Strings.ObjectStateEntry_NullOriginalValueForNonNullableProperty(propertyName, clrMemberName, clrTypeName));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException SetOriginalPrimaryKey(string propertyName)
        { 
            return InvalidOperation(Strings.ObjectStateEntry_SetOriginalPrimaryKey(propertyName)); 
        }
 
        #endregion

        #region ObjectMaterializer errors
 
        internal static void ThrowPropertyIsNotNullable()
        { 
            throw EntityUtil.Constraint( 
                System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_PropertyIsNotNullable);
 
        }

        internal static void ThrowPropertyIsNotNullable(string propertyName)
        { 
            throw EntityUtil.Constraint(
                System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_PropertyIsNotNullableWithName(propertyName)); 
 
        }
 
        internal static void ThrowSetInvalidValue(object value, Type destinationType, string className, string propertyName)
        {
            if (null == value)
            { 
                throw EntityUtil.Constraint(
                    System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_SetInvalidValue( 
                        (Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(destinationType) ?? destinationType).Name, 
                        className, propertyName, "null"));
            } 
            else
            {
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(
                    System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_SetInvalidValue( 
                        (Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(destinationType) ?? destinationType).Name,
                        className, propertyName, value.GetType().Name)); 
            } 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ValueInvalidCast(Type valueType, Type destinationType) 
        {
            Debug.Assert(null != valueType, "null valueType");
            Debug.Assert(null != destinationType, "null destinationType");
            if (destinationType.IsValueType && destinationType.IsGenericType && (typeof(Nullable<>) == destinationType.GetGenericTypeDefinition())) 
            {
                return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation( 
                    System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_InvalidCastNullable( 
                        valueType, destinationType.GetGenericArguments()[0]));
            } 
            else
            {
                return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(
                    System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_InvalidCastReference( 
                        valueType, destinationType));
            } 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ValueNullReferenceCast(Type destinationType)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(null != destinationType, "null value");
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_NullReferenceCast(destinationType.Name));
        }
 
        internal static NotSupportedException RecyclingEntity(EntityKey key, Type newEntityType, Type existingEntityType) {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_RecyclingEntity(System.Data.Common.TypeHelpers.GetFullName(key.EntityContainerName, key.EntitySetName), newEntityType.FullName, existingEntityType.FullName, key.ConcatKeyValue())); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException AddedEntityAlreadyExists(EntityKey key) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_AddedEntityAlreadyExists(key.ConcatKeyValue())); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotReEnumerateQueryResults() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_CannotReEnumerateQueryResults);
        } 
        internal static NotSupportedException MaterializerUnsupportedType() {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Materializer_UnsupportedType); 
        } 
        #endregion
 
        #region ObjectView errors
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotReplacetheEntityorRow() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_CannotReplacetheEntityorRow);
        } 
        internal static NotSupportedException IndexBasedInsertIsNotSupported() {
            return NotSupported(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_IndexBasedInsertIsNotSupported); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException WriteOperationNotAllowedOnReadOnlyBindingList() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_WriteOperationNotAllowedOnReadOnlyBindingList); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException AddNewOperationNotAllowedOnAbstractBindingList() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_AddNewOperationNotAllowedOnAbstractBindingList);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException IncompatibleArgument() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_IncompatibleArgument); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotResolveTheEntitySetforGivenEntity(Type type) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectView_CannotResolveTheEntitySet(type.FullName)); 
        }


        #endregion 

 
        #region EntityCollection Errors 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NoRelationshipSetMatched(string relationshipName) {
            Debug.Assert(!String.IsNullOrEmpty(relationshipName), "empty relationshipName"); 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_NoRelationshipSetMatched(relationshipName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ExpectedCollectionGotReference(string typeName, string roleName, string relationshipName) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_ExpectedCollectionGotReference(typeName, roleName, relationshipName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotFillTryDifferentMergeOption(string relationshipName, string roleName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(Strings.Collections_CannotFillTryDifferentMergeOption(relationshipName, roleName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotRemergeCollections() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_UnableToMergeCollections);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ExpectedReferenceGotCollection(string typeName, string roleName, string relationshipName) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_ExpectedReferenceGotCollection(typeName, roleName, relationshipName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAddMoreThanOneEntityToEntityReference(string roleName, string relationshipName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_CannotAddMoreThanOneEntityToEntityReference(roleName, relationshipName)); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException CannotSetSpecialKeys() { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_CannotSetSpecialKeys, "value");
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityKeyValueMismatch() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_EntityKeyValueMismatch); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException RelatedEndNotAttachedToContext(string relatedEndType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_RelatedEndNotAttachedToContext(relatedEndType)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotCreateRelationshipBetweenTrackedAndNoTrackedEntities(string roleName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_CannotCreateRelationshipBetweenTrackedAndNoTrackedEntities(roleName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotCreateRelationshipEntitiesInDifferentContexts() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_CannotCreateRelationshipEntitiesInDifferentContexts); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidContainedTypeCollection(string entityType, string relatedEndType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidContainedType_Collection(entityType, relatedEndType)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidContainedTypeReference(string entityType, string relatedEndType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidContainedType_Reference(entityType, relatedEndType));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAddToFixedSizeArray(object collectionType) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_CannotAddToFixedSizeArray(collectionType.GetType())); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotRemoveFromFixedSizeArray(object collectionType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_CannotRemoveFromFixedSizeArray(collectionType.GetType())); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException OwnerIsNull() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_OwnerIsNull);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnableToAddRelationshipWithDeletedEntity() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_UnableToAddRelationshipWithDeletedEntity); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ConflictingChangeOfRelationshipDetected() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_ConflictingChangeOfRelationshipDetected); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidRelationshipFixupDetected(string propertyName, string entityType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidRelationshipFixupDetected(propertyName, entityType));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException LessThanExpectedRelatedEntitiesFound()
        { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_LessThanExpectedRelatedEntitiesFound);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException MoreThanExpectedRelatedEntitiesFound() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_MoreThanExpectedRelatedEntitiesFound);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotChangeReferentialConstraintProperty() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityReference_CannotChangeReferentialConstraintProperty);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException RelatedEndNotFound() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_RelatedEndNotFound);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException LoadCalledOnNonEmptyNoTrackedRelatedEnd() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_LoadCalledOnNonEmptyNoTrackedRelatedEnd);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException LoadCalledOnAlreadyLoadedNoTrackedRelatedEnd() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_LoadCalledOnAlreadyLoadedNoTrackedRelatedEnd);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException MismatchedMergeOptionOnLoad(MergeOption mergeOption) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_MismatchedMergeOptionOnLoad(mergeOption));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntitySetIsNotValidForRelationship(string entitySetContainerName, string entitySetName, string roleName, string associationSetContainerName, string associationSetName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_EntitySetIsNotValidForRelationship(entitySetContainerName, entitySetName, roleName, associationSetContainerName, associationSetName));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnableToRetrieveReferentialConstraintProperties() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_UnableToRetrieveReferentialConstraintProperties);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InconsistentReferentialConstraintProperties() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InconsistentReferentialConstraintProperties);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CircularRelationshipsWithReferentialConstraints() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CircularRelationshipsWithReferentialConstraints);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException UnableToFindRelationshipTypeInMetadata(string relationshipName, string parameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_UnableToFindRelationshipTypeInMetadata(relationshipName), parameterName);
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidTargetRole(string relationshipName, string targetRoleName, string parameterName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InvalidTargetRole(relationshipName, targetRoleName), parameterName);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException OwnerIsNotSourceType(string ownerType, string sourceRoleType, string sourceRoleName, string relationshipName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_OwnerIsNotSourceType(ownerType, sourceRoleType, sourceRoleName, relationshipName));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnexpectedNullContext() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_UnexpectedNullContext);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ReferenceAlreadyInitialized() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_ReferenceAlreadyInitialized(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InitializeIsForDeserialization));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException RelationshipManagerAttached() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_RelationshipManagerAttached(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InitializeIsForDeserialization));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CollectionAlreadyInitialized() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CollectionAlreadyInitialized(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CollectionInitializeIsForDeserialization));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CollectionRelationshipManagerAttached() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CollectionRelationshipManagerAttached(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_CollectionInitializeIsForDeserialization));
        } 
        internal static void CheckContextNull(ObjectContext context) 
        {
            if ((object)context == null) 
            {
                throw EntityUtil.UnexpectedNullContext();
            }
        } 

        internal static void CheckArgumentMergeOption(MergeOption mergeOption) { 
            switch(mergeOption) { 
            case MergeOption.NoTracking:
            case MergeOption.AppendOnly: 
            case MergeOption.OverwriteChanges:
            case MergeOption.PreserveChanges:
                break;
            default: 
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidMergeOption(mergeOption);
            } 
        } 
        internal static void CheckArgumentRefreshMode(RefreshMode refreshMode) {
            switch(refreshMode) { 
            case RefreshMode.ClientWins:
            case RefreshMode.StoreWins:
                break;
            default: 
                throw EntityUtil.InvalidRefreshMode(refreshMode);
            } 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityStateSource() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_InvalidEntityStateSource); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityStateLoad(string relatedEndType) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Collections_InvalidEntityStateLoad(relatedEndType));
 	    } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidOwnerStateForAttach() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidOwnerStateForAttach); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidNthElementNullForAttach(int index) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidNthElementNullForAttach(index)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidNthElementContextForAttach(int index) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidNthElementContextForAttach(index));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidNthElementStateForAttach(int index) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidNthElementStateForAttach(index)); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityContextForAttach() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidEntityContextForAttach); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityStateForAttach() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_InvalidEntityStateForAttach);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnableToAddToDisconnectedRelatedEnd() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_UnableToAddEntity); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnableToRemoveFromDisconnectedRelatedEnd() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelatedEnd_UnableToRemoveEntity); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ProxyMetadataIsUnavailable(Type type, Exception inner) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityProxyTypeInfo_ProxyMetadataIsUnavailable(type.FullName), inner);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException DuplicateTypeForProxyType(Type type) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityProxyTypeInfo_DuplicateOSpaceType(type.FullName)); 
        } 
        #endregion
 
        #region ObjectContext errors
        internal static InvalidOperationException ClientEntityRemovedFromStore(string entitiesKeys) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ClientEntityRemovedFromStore(entitiesKeys));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException StoreEntityNotPresentInClient() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_StoreEntityNotPresentInClient); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ContextMetadataHasChanged() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_MetadataHasChanged); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidConnection(bool isConnectionConstructor, Exception innerException)
        {
            if (isConnectionConstructor) 
            {
                return InvalidConnection("connection", innerException); 
            } 
            else
            { 
                return InvalidConnectionString("connectionString", innerException);
            }
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidConnectionString(string parameter, Exception inner) { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidConnectionString, parameter, inner);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidConnection(string parameter, Exception inner) { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidConnection, parameter, inner);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidDataAdapter() {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidDataAdapter);
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidDefaultContainerName(string parameter, string defaultContainerName) { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidDefaultContainerName(defaultContainerName), parameter);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NthElementInAddedState(int i) { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NthElementInAddedState(i));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NthElementIsDuplicate(int i) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NthElementIsDuplicate(i));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException NthElementIsNull(int i) { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NthElementIsNull(i));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NthElementNotInObjectStateManager(int i) { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NthElementNotInObjectStateManager(i));
        } 
        internal static ObjectDisposedException ObjectContextDisposed() {
            return EntityUtil.ObjectDisposed(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ObjectDisposed);
        }
        internal static ObjectNotFoundException ObjectNotFound() { 
            return EntityUtil.ObjectNotFound(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ObjectNotFound);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntityType(Type type) { 
            Debug.Assert(type != null, "The type cannot be null.");
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NoMappingForEntityType(type.FullName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotDeleteEntityNotInObjectStateManager() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotDeleteEntityNotInObjectStateManager);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotDetachEntityNotInObjectStateManager() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotDetachEntityNotInObjectStateManager); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntitySetNotFoundForName(string entitySetName) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntitySetNotFoundForName(entitySetName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityContainterNotFoundForName(string entityContainerName) {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityContainerNotFoundForName(entityContainerName));
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidCommandTimeout(string argument) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidCommandTimeout, argument); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityAlreadyExistsInObjectStateManager() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityAlreadyExistsInObjectStateManager); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntitySetInKey(string keyContainer, string keyEntitySet, string expectedContainer, string expectedEntitySet) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidEntitySetInKey(keyContainer, keyEntitySet, expectedContainer, expectedEntitySet));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidEntitySetInKeyFromName(string keyContainer, string keyEntitySet, string expectedContainer, string expectedEntitySet, string argument) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidEntitySetInKeyFromName(keyContainer, keyEntitySet, expectedContainer, expectedEntitySet, argument)); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAttachEntityWithoutKey() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotAttachEntityWithoutKey); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotAttachEntityWithTemporaryKey() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotAttachEntityWithTemporaryKey);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntitySetNameOrEntityKeyRequired() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntitySetNameOrEntityKeyRequired); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException ExecuteFunctionTypeMismatch(Type typeArgument, EdmType expectedElementType) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ExecuteFunctionTypeMismatch( 
                typeArgument.FullName,
                expectedElementType.FullName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ExecuteFunctionCalledWithNonReaderFunction(EdmFunction functionImport) { 
            // report ExecuteNonQuery return type if no explicit return type is given
            string message; 
            if (null == functionImport.ReturnParameter) 
            {
                message = System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ExecuteFunctionCalledWithNonQueryFunction( 
                    functionImport.Name);
            }
            else
            { 
                message = System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ExecuteFunctionCalledWithScalarFunction(
                    functionImport.ReturnParameter.TypeUsage.EdmType.FullName, functionImport.Name); 
            } 
            return InvalidOperation(message);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException QualfiedEntitySetName(string parameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_QualfiedEntitySetName, parameterName);
        }
        internal static ArgumentException ContainerQualifiedEntitySetNameRequired(string argument) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_ContainerQualifiedEntitySetNameRequired, argument);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotSetDefaultContainerName() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_CannotSetDefaultContainerName);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException EntitiesHaveDifferentType(string originalEntityTypeName, string changedEntityTypeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntitiesHaveDifferentType(originalEntityTypeName, changedEntityTypeName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityMustBeUnchangedOrModified(EntityState state) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityMustBeUnchangedOrModified(state.ToString()));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityMustBeUnchangedOrModifiedOrDeleted(EntityState state) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityMustBeUnchangedOrModifiedOrDeleted(state.ToString()));
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityNotTrackedOrHasTempKey()
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityNotTrackedOrHasTempKey);
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException AcceptAllChangesFailure(Exception e) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_AcceptAllChangesFailure(e.Message)); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidEntitySetOnEntity(string entitySetName, Type entityType, string parameter) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidEntitySetOnEntity(entitySetName, entityType), parameter);
        }
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidEntityTypeForObjectSet(string tEntityType, string entitySetType, string entitySetName, string parameter) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidObjectSetTypeForEntitySet(tEntityType, entitySetType, entitySetName), parameter); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException RequiredMetadataNotAvailable() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_RequiredMetadataNotAvailble); 
        }
 
        internal static ArgumentException MultipleEntitySetsFoundInSingleContainer(string entityTypeName, string entityContainerName, string exceptionParameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_MultipleEntitySetsFoundInSingleContainer(entityTypeName, entityContainerName), exceptionParameterName);
        }
 
        internal static ArgumentException MultipleEntitySetsFoundInAllContainers(string entityTypeName, string exceptionParameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_MultipleEntitySetsFoundInAllContainers(entityTypeName), exceptionParameterName); 
        } 

        internal static ArgumentException NoEntitySetFoundForType(string entityTypeName, string exceptionParameterName) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_NoEntitySetFoundForType(entityTypeName), exceptionParameterName);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityNotInObjectSet_Delete(string actualContainerName, string actualEntitySetName, string expectedContainerName, string expectedEntitySetName) {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityNotInObjectSet_Delete(actualContainerName, actualEntitySetName, expectedContainerName, expectedEntitySetName)); 
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityNotInObjectSet_Detach(string actualContainerName, string actualEntitySetName, string expectedContainerName, string expectedEntitySetName) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectContext_EntityNotInObjectSet_Detach(actualContainerName, actualEntitySetName, expectedContainerName, expectedEntitySetName));
        } 

        internal static ArgumentException InvalidRelationshipStateArgument(string paramName)
        {
            return new ArgumentException(Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidRelationshipState, paramName); 
        }
 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidEntityStateArgument(string paramName) 
        {
            return new ArgumentException(Strings.ObjectContext_InvalidEntityState, paramName); 
        }

        #endregion
 
        #region Complex Types Errors
        // Complex types exceptions 
        internal static InvalidOperationException NullableComplexTypesNotSupported(string propertyName) 
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ComplexObject_NullableComplexTypesNotSupported(propertyName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException ComplexObjectAlreadyAttachedToParent()
        {
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ComplexObject_ComplexObjectAlreadyAttachedToParent); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException ComplexChangeRequestedOnScalarProperty(string propertyName) 
        { 
            return EntityUtil.Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ComplexObject_ComplexChangeRequestedOnScalarProperty(propertyName));
        } 
        #endregion

        internal static ArgumentException SpanPathSyntaxError() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ObjectQuery_Span_SpanPathSyntaxError); 
        }
 
        internal static InvalidOperationException DataRecordMustBeEntity() { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_DataRecordMustBeEntity);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException EntitySetDoesNotMatch(string argument, string entitySetName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_EntitySetDoesNotMatch(entitySetName), argument);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityTypesDoNotMatch(string recordType, string entitySetType) { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_EntityTypesDoNotMatch(recordType, entitySetType));
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException IncorrectNumberOfKeyValuePairs(string argument, string typeName, int expectedNumFields, int actualNumFields) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_IncorrectNumberOfKeyValuePairs(typeName, expectedNumFields, actualNumFields), argument);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException IncorrectNumberOfKeyValuePairsInvalidOperation(string typeName, int expectedNumFields, int actualNumFields)
        {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_IncorrectNumberOfKeyValuePairs(typeName, expectedNumFields, actualNumFields));
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException IncorrectValueType(string argument, string keyField, string expectedTypeName, string actualTypeName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_IncorrectValueType(keyField, expectedTypeName, actualTypeName), argument); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException IncorrectValueTypeInvalidOperation(string keyField, string expectedTypeName, string actualTypeName)
        { 
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_IncorrectValueType(keyField, expectedTypeName, actualTypeName));
        }
        internal static ArgumentException MissingKeyValue(string argument, string keyField, string typeName) {
            return MissingKeyValue(argument, keyField, typeName, null); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException MissingKeyValue(string argument, string keyField, string typeName, Exception inner) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_MissingKeyValue(keyField, typeName), argument); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException NullKeyValue(string keyField, string typeName) 
        {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_NullKeyValue(keyField, typeName));
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException MissingKeyValueInvalidOperation(string keyField, string typeName) 
        {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_MissingKeyValue(keyField, typeName)); 
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException NoNullsAllowedInKeyValuePairs(string argument) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_NoNullsAllowedInKeyValuePairs, argument); 
        }
        internal static ArgumentException EntityKeyMustHaveValues(string argument) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_EntityKeyMustHaveValues, argument);
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException InvalidQualifiedEntitySetName() {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_InvalidQualifiedEntitySetName, "qualifiedEntitySetName"); 
        } 
        internal static ArgumentException EntityKeyInvalidName(string invalidName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_InvalidName(invalidName)); 
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException MissingQualifiedEntitySetName() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_MissingEntitySetName);
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException CannotChangeEntityKey() {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_CannotChangeKey); 
        } 

        internal static InvalidOperationException UnexpectedNullEntityKey() 
        {
            return new InvalidOperationException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_UnexpectedNull);
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException EntityKeyDoesntMatchKeySetOnEntity(object entity) 
        {
            return new InvalidOperationException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityKey_DoesntMatchKeyOnEntity(entity.GetType().FullName)); 
        } 
        internal static void CheckEntityKeyNull(EntityKey entityKey)
        { 
            if ((object)entityKey == null)
            {
                throw EntityUtil.UnexpectedNullEntityKey();
            } 
        }
        internal static void CheckEntityKeysMatch(IEntityWrapper wrappedEntity, EntityKey key) 
        { 
            if (wrappedEntity.EntityKey != key)
            { 
                throw EntityUtil.EntityKeyDoesntMatchKeySetOnEntity(wrappedEntity.Entity);
            }
        }
        internal static InvalidOperationException UnexpectedNullRelationshipManager() 
        {
            return new InvalidOperationException(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_UnexpectedNull); 
        } 
        internal static InvalidOperationException InvalidRelationshipManagerOwner()
        { 
            return EntityUtil.InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.RelationshipManager_InvalidRelationshipManagerOwner);
        }

        internal static void ValidateEntitySetInKey(EntityKey key, EntitySet entitySet) 
        {
            ValidateEntitySetInKey(key, entitySet, null); 
        } 
        internal static void ValidateEntitySetInKey(EntityKey key, EntitySet entitySet, string argument)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(null != (object)key, "Null entity key");
            Debug.Assert(null != entitySet, "Null entity set");
            Debug.Assert(null != entitySet.EntityContainer, "Null entity container in the entity set");
 
            string containerName1 = key.EntityContainerName;
            string setName1 = key.EntitySetName; 
            string containerName2 = entitySet.EntityContainer.Name; 
            string setName2 = entitySet.Name;
 
            if (!StringComparer.Ordinal.Equals(containerName1, containerName2) ||
                !StringComparer.Ordinal.Equals(setName1, setName2))
            {
                if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(argument)) 
                {
                    throw EntityUtil.InvalidEntitySetInKey( 
                        containerName1, setName1, 
                        containerName2, setName2);
                } 
                else
                {
                    throw EntityUtil.InvalidEntitySetInKeyFromName(
                        containerName1, setName1, 
                        containerName2, setName2, argument);
                } 
            } 
        }
 


        // IDataParameter.Direction
        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidMergeOption(MergeOption value) { 
#if DEBUG
            switch(value) { 
            case MergeOption.NoTracking: 
            case MergeOption.OverwriteChanges:
            case MergeOption.PreserveChanges: 
            case MergeOption.AppendOnly:
                Debug.Assert(false, "valid MergeOption " + value.ToString());
                break;
            } 
#endif
            return InvalidEnumerationValue(typeof(MergeOption), (int) value); 
        } 

        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidRefreshMode(RefreshMode value) { 
#if DEBUG
            switch(value) {
            case RefreshMode.ClientWins:
            case RefreshMode.StoreWins: 
                Debug.Assert(false, "valid RefreshMode " + value.ToString());
                break; 
            } 
#endif
            return InvalidEnumerationValue(typeof(RefreshMode), (int) value); 
        }

        //
        // : IDataParameter 
        //
        static internal ArgumentException InvalidDataType(TypeCode typecode) { 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidDataType(typecode.ToString())); 
        }
 
        static internal ArgumentException UnknownDataTypeCode(Type dataType, TypeCode typeCode) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_UnknownDataTypeCode(((int) typeCode).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), dataType.FullName));
        }
        // 
        // UpdateException
        // 
        static private IEnumerable ProcessStateEntries(IEnumerable stateEntries) 
        {
            return stateEntries 
            // In a future release, IEntityStateEntry will be public so we will be able to throw exceptions
            // with this more general type. For now we cast to ObjectStateEntry (the only implementation
            // of the internal interface).
                .Cast() 
            // Return distinct entries (no need to report an entry multiple times even if it contributes
            // to the exception in multiple ways) 
                .Distinct(); 
        }
        static internal void ValidateNecessaryFunctionMapping( 
                StorageFunctionMapping functionMapping, string currentState,
                IEntityStateEntry stateEntry, string type, string typeName)
        {
            if (null == functionMapping) 
            {
                throw EntityUtil.Update(Strings.Update_MissingFunctionMapping(currentState, type, typeName), 
                null, 
                new List() { stateEntry });
            } 
        }
        static internal UpdateException Update(string message, Exception innerException, params IEntityStateEntry[] stateEntries) {
            return Update(message, innerException, (IEnumerable)stateEntries);
        } 
        static internal UpdateException Update(string message, Exception innerException, IEnumerable stateEntries)
        { 
            UpdateException e = new UpdateException(message, innerException, ProcessStateEntries(stateEntries)); 
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e);
            return e; 
        }
        static internal OptimisticConcurrencyException UpdateConcurrency(long rowsAffected, Exception innerException, IEnumerable stateEntries)
        {
            string message = System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_ConcurrencyError(rowsAffected); 
            OptimisticConcurrencyException e = new OptimisticConcurrencyException(message, innerException, ProcessStateEntries(stateEntries));
            TraceExceptionAsReturnValue(e); 
            return e; 
        }
        static internal UpdateException UpdateRelationshipCardinalityConstraintViolation(string relationshipSetName, 
            int minimumCount, int? maximumCount, string entitySetName, int actualCount, string otherEndPluralName, IEntityStateEntry stateEntry) {
            string minimumCountString = ConvertCardinalityToString(minimumCount);
            string maximumCountString = ConvertCardinalityToString(maximumCount);
            string actualCountString = ConvertCardinalityToString(actualCount); 
            if (minimumCount == 1 && (minimumCountString == maximumCountString))
            { 
                // Just one acceptable value and itis value is 1 
                return Update(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_RelationshipCardinalityConstraintViolationSingleValue(
                    entitySetName, relationshipSetName, actualCountString, otherEndPluralName, 
                    minimumCountString), null, stateEntry);
            }
            else
            { 
                // Range of acceptable values
                return Update(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_RelationshipCardinalityConstraintViolation( 
                    entitySetName, relationshipSetName, actualCountString, otherEndPluralName, 
                    minimumCountString, maximumCountString), null, stateEntry);
            } 
        }
        static internal UpdateException UpdateEntityMissingConstraintViolation(string relationshipSetName, string endName, IEntityStateEntry stateEntry) {
            string message = System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_MissingRequiredEntity(relationshipSetName, stateEntry.State, endName);
            return Update(message, null, stateEntry); 
        }
        static private string ConvertCardinalityToString(int? cardinality) { 
            string result; 
            if (!cardinality.HasValue) { // null indicates * (unlimited)
                result = "*"; 
            }
            else {
                result = cardinality.Value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
            } 
            return result;
        } 
        static internal UpdateException UpdateMissingEntity(string relationshipSetName, string entitySetName) { 
            return Update(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Update_MissingEntity(relationshipSetName, entitySetName), null);
        } 

        static internal ArgumentException CollectionParameterElementIsNull(string parameterName) {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_CollectionParameterElementIsNull(parameterName));
        } 
        static internal ArgumentException CollectionParameterElementIsNullOrEmpty(string parameterName) {
            //return Argument(System.Data.Entity.System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_CollectionParameterElementIsNullOrEmpty(parameterName)); 
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_CollectionParameterElementIsNullOrEmpty(parameterName)); 
        }
 
        static internal InvalidOperationException FunctionDefinitionResultTypeMismatch(EdmFunction function, TypeUsage generatedDefinitionResultType)
        {
            return InvalidOperation(System.Data.Entity.Strings.Cqt_UDF_FunctionDefinitionResultTypeMismatch(
                TypeHelpers.GetFullName(function.ReturnParameter.TypeUsage), 
                function.FullName,
                TypeHelpers.GetFullName(generatedDefinitionResultType))); 
        } 

        //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        //
        // Helper Functions 
        //
        internal static void ThrowArgumentNullException(string parameterName) 
        { 
            throw ArgumentNull(parameterName);
        } 
        internal static void ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(string parameterName)
        {
            throw ArgumentOutOfRange(parameterName);
        } 
        internal static T CheckArgumentOutOfRange(T[] values, int index, string parameterName)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(null != values, "null values"); // use a different method if values can be null 
            if (unchecked((uint)values.Length <= (uint)index))
            { 
                ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(parameterName);
            }
            return values[index];
        } 

        static internal T CheckArgumentNull(T value, string parameterName) where T : class 
        { 
            if (null == value)
            { 
                ThrowArgumentNullException(parameterName);
            }
            return value;
        } 

        static internal IEnumerable CheckArgumentContainsNull(ref IEnumerable enumerableArgument, string argumentName) where T : class 
        { 
            GetCheapestSafeEnumerableAsCollection(ref enumerableArgument);
            foreach (T item in enumerableArgument) 
            {
                if(item == null)
                {
                    throw EntityUtil.Argument(Strings.CheckArgumentContainsNullFailed(argumentName)); 
                }
            } 
            return enumerableArgument; 
        }
 
        static internal IEnumerable CheckArgumentEmpty(ref IEnumerable enumerableArgument, Func errorMessage, string argumentName)
        {
            int count;
            GetCheapestSafeCountOfEnumerable(ref enumerableArgument, out count); 
            if (count <= 0)
            { 
                throw EntityUtil.Argument(errorMessage(argumentName)); 
            }
            return enumerableArgument; 
        }

        private static void GetCheapestSafeCountOfEnumerable(ref IEnumerable enumerable, out int count)
        { 
            ICollection collection = GetCheapestSafeEnumerableAsCollection(ref enumerable);
            count = collection.Count; 
        } 

        private static ICollection GetCheapestSafeEnumerableAsCollection(ref IEnumerable enumerable) 
        {
            ICollection collection = enumerable as ICollection;
            if (collection != null)
            { 
                // cheap way
                return collection; 
            } 

            // expensive way, but we don't know if the enumeration is rewindable so... 
            enumerable = new List(enumerable);
            return enumerable as ICollection;
        }
 
        static internal T GenericCheckArgumentNull(T value, string parameterName) where T: class
        { 
            return CheckArgumentNull(value, parameterName); 
        }
 
        // EntityConnectionStringBuilder
        static internal ArgumentException KeywordNotSupported(string keyword)
        {
            return Argument(System.Data.Entity.Strings.EntityClient_KeywordNotSupported(keyword)); 
        }
 
        // Invalid Enumeration 

        static internal ArgumentOutOfRangeException InvalidEnumerationValue(Type type, int value) { 
            return EntityUtil.ArgumentOutOfRange(System.Data.Entity.Strings.ADP_InvalidEnumerationValue(type.Name, value.ToString(System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)), type.Name);
        }

 
        /// 
        /// Given a provider factory, this returns the provider invarian name for the provider. 
        ///  
        static internal bool TryGetProviderInvariantName(DbProviderFactory providerFactory, out string invariantName)
        { 
            Debug.Assert(providerFactory != null);

            DataTable infoTable = DbProviderFactories.GetFactoryClasses();
            Debug.Assert(infoTable.Rows != null); 

            foreach (DataRow row in infoTable.Rows) 
            { 
                if (((string)row[AssemblyQualifiedNameIndex]).Equals(providerFactory.GetType().AssemblyQualifiedName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                { 
                    invariantName = (string)row[InvariantNameIndex];
                    return true;
                }
            } 
            invariantName=null;
            return false; 
        } 

        // Invalid string argument 

        static internal void CheckStringArgument(string value, string parameterName)
        {
            // Throw ArgumentNullException when string is null 
            CheckArgumentNull(value, parameterName);
 
            // Throw ArgumentException when string is empty 
            if (value.Length == 0)
            { 
                throw InvalidStringArgument(parameterName);
            }
        }
 
        // only StackOverflowException & ThreadAbortException are sealed classes
        static private readonly Type StackOverflowType   = typeof(System.StackOverflowException); 
        static private readonly Type OutOfMemoryType     = typeof(System.OutOfMemoryException); 
        static private readonly Type ThreadAbortType     = typeof(System.Threading.ThreadAbortException);
        static private readonly Type NullReferenceType   = typeof(System.NullReferenceException); 
        static private readonly Type AccessViolationType = typeof(System.AccessViolationException);
        static private readonly Type SecurityType        = typeof(System.Security.SecurityException);
        static private readonly Type CommandExecutionType = typeof(EntityCommandExecutionException);
        static private readonly Type CommandCompilationType = typeof(EntityCommandCompilationException); 
        static private readonly Type QueryType = typeof(EntitySqlException);
 
        static internal bool IsCatchableExceptionType (Exception e) { 
            // a 'catchable' exception is defined by what it is not.
            Debug.Assert(e != null, "Unexpected null exception!"); 
            Type type = e.GetType();

            return ( (type != StackOverflowType) &&
                     (type != OutOfMemoryType)   && 
                     (type != ThreadAbortType)   &&
                     (type != NullReferenceType) && 
                     (type != AccessViolationType) && 
                     !SecurityType.IsAssignableFrom(type));
        } 

        static internal bool IsCatchableEntityExceptionType(Exception e)
        {
            Debug.Assert(e != null, "Unexpected null exception!"); 
            Type type = e.GetType();
 
            return IsCatchableExceptionType(e) && 
                type != CommandExecutionType &&
                type != CommandCompilationType && 
                type != QueryType;
        }

        static internal bool IsNull(object value) { 
            if ((null == value) || (DBNull.Value == value)) {
                return true; 
            } 
            INullable nullable = (value as INullable);
            return ((null != nullable) && nullable.IsNull); 
        }

        /// 
        /// Utility method to raise internal error when a throttling constraint is violated during 
        /// Boolean expression analysis. An internal exception is thrown including the given message
        /// if the given condition is false. This allows us to give up on an unexpectedly difficult 
        /// computation rather than risk hanging the user's machine. 
        /// 
        static internal void BoolExprAssert(bool condition, string message) 
        {
            if (!condition)
            {
                throw InternalError(InternalErrorCode.BoolExprAssert, 0, message); 
            }
        } 
 
        static internal PropertyInfo GetTopProperty(Type t, string propertyName)
        { 
            return GetTopProperty(ref t, propertyName);
        }

        ///  
        /// Returns the PropertyInfo and Type where a given property is defined
        /// This is done by traversing the type hierarchy to find the type match. 
        ///  
        /// 
        ///  
        /// 
        static internal PropertyInfo GetTopProperty(ref Type t, string propertyName)
        {
            PropertyInfo propertyInfo = null; 
            while (propertyInfo == null && t != null)
            { 
                propertyInfo = t.GetProperty(propertyName, BindingFlags.Instance | 
                                                           BindingFlags.Public |
                                                           BindingFlags.NonPublic | 
                                                           BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly);
                t = t.BaseType;
            }
            t = propertyInfo.DeclaringType; 
            return propertyInfo;
        } 
 
        internal static Dictionary COMPILER_VERSION = new Dictionary() { { "CompilerVersion", "V3.5" } }; //v3.5 required for compiling model files with partial methods.
 
#if false
        public static T FieldCast(object value) {
            try {
                // will result in an InvalidCastException if !(value is T) 
                // this pattern also supports handling System.Data.SqlTypes
                return (T)((DBNull.Value == value) ? null : value); 
            } 
            catch(NullReferenceException) {
                // (value == null) and (T is struct) and (T is not Nullable<>), convert to InvalidCastException 
                return (T)(object)System.DBNull.Value;
            }
        }
#endif 
    }
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.

                        

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