StreamReader.cs source code in C# .NET

Source code for the .NET framework in C#

                        

Code:

/ Net / Net / 3.5.50727.3053 / DEVDIV / depot / DevDiv / releases / whidbey / netfxsp / ndp / clr / src / BCL / System / IO / StreamReader.cs / 1 / StreamReader.cs

                            // ==++== 
//
//   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//
// ==--== 
/*============================================================
** 
** Class:  StreamReader 
**
** 
** Purpose: For reading text from streams in a particular
** encoding.
**
** 
===========================================================*/
 
using System; 
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices; 
using System.Runtime.Versioning;

namespace System.IO {
    // This class implements a TextReader for reading characters to a Stream. 
    // This is designed for character input in a particular Encoding,
    // whereas the Stream class is designed for byte input and output. 
    // 
    [Serializable()]
    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)] 
    public class StreamReader : TextReader
    {
        // StreamReader.Null is threadsafe.
        public new static readonly StreamReader Null = new NullStreamReader(); 

        // Using a 1K byte buffer and a 4K FileStream buffer works out pretty well 
        // perf-wise.  On even a 40 MB text file, any perf loss by using a 4K 
        // buffer is negated by the win of allocating a smaller byte[], which
        // saves construction time.  This does break adaptive buffering, 
        // but this is slightly faster.
        internal const int DefaultBufferSize = 1024;  // Byte buffer size
        private const int DefaultFileStreamBufferSize = 4096;
        private const int MinBufferSize = 128; 

        private bool _closable;  // For Console.In. We should consider exposing a Closable bit perhaps on stream at some point. 
 
        private Stream stream;
        private Encoding encoding; 
        private Decoder decoder;
        private byte[] byteBuffer;
        private char[] charBuffer;
        private byte[] _preamble;   // Encoding's preamble, which identifies this encoding. 
        private int charPos;
        private int charLen; 
        // Record the number of valid bytes in the byteBuffer, for a few checks. 
        private int byteLen;
        // This is used only for preamble detection 
        private int bytePos;

        // This is the maximum number of chars we can get from one call to
        // ReadBuffer.  Used so ReadBuffer can tell when to copy data into 
        // a user's char[] directly, instead of our internal char[].
        private int _maxCharsPerBuffer; 
 
        // We will support looking for byte order marks in the stream and trying
        // to decide what the encoding might be from the byte order marks, IF they 
        // exist.  But that's all we'll do.
        private bool _detectEncoding;

        // Whether we must still check for the encoding's given preamble at the 
        // beginning of this file.
        private bool _checkPreamble; 
 
        // Whether the stream is most likely not going to give us back as much
        // data as we want the next time we call it.  We must do the computation 
        // before we do any byte order mark handling and save the result.  Note
        // that we need this to allow users to handle streams used for an
        // interactive protocol, where they block waiting for the remote end
        // to send a response, like logging in on a Unix machine. 
        private bool _isBlocked;
 
        // StreamReader by default will ignore illegal UTF8 characters. We don't want to 
        // throw here because we want to be able to read ill-formed data without choking.
        // The high level goal is to be tolerant of encoding errors when we read and very strict 
        // when we write. Hence, default StreamWriter encoding will throw on error.

        internal StreamReader() {
        } 

        public StreamReader(Stream stream) 
            : this(stream, true) { 
        }
 
        public StreamReader(Stream stream, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks)
            : this(stream, Encoding.UTF8, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, DefaultBufferSize) {
        }
 
        public StreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding)
            : this(stream, encoding, true, DefaultBufferSize) { 
        } 

        public StreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks) 
            : this(stream, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, DefaultBufferSize) {
        }

        // Creates a new StreamReader for the given stream.  The 
        // character encoding is set by encoding and the buffer size,
        // in number of 16-bit characters, is set by bufferSize. 
        // 
        // Note that detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks is a very
        // loose attempt at detecting the encoding by looking at the first 
        // 3 bytes of the stream.  It will recognize UTF-8, little endian
        // unicode, and big endian unicode text, but that's it.  If neither
        // of those three match, it will use the Encoding you provided.
        // 
        public StreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, int bufferSize)
        { 
            if (stream==null || encoding==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException((stream==null ? "stream" : "encoding"));
            if (!stream.CanRead) 
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_StreamNotReadable"));
            if (bufferSize <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("bufferSize", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedPosNum"));
 
            Init(stream, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, bufferSize);
        } 
 
        // For non closable streams such as Console.In
        internal StreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, int bufferSize, bool closable) 
            : this(stream, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, bufferSize) {
            _closable = closable;
        }
 
        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)] 
        public StreamReader(String path) 
            : this(path, true) {
        } 

        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        public StreamReader(String path, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks) 
            : this(path, Encoding.UTF8, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, DefaultBufferSize) {
        } 
 
        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)] 
        public StreamReader(String path, Encoding encoding)
            : this(path, encoding, true, DefaultBufferSize) {
        }
 
        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)] 
        public StreamReader(String path, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks) 
            : this(path, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, DefaultBufferSize) {
        } 

        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        public StreamReader(String path, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, int bufferSize) 
        {
            // Don't open a Stream before checking for invalid arguments, 
            // or we'll create a FileStream on disk and we won't close it until 
            // the finalizer runs, causing problems for applications.
            if (path==null || encoding==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException((path==null ? "path" : "encoding"));
            if (path.Length==0)
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_EmptyPath"));
            if (bufferSize <= 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("bufferSize", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedPosNum"));
 
            Stream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read, DefaultFileStreamBufferSize, FileOptions.SequentialScan); 
            Init(stream, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, bufferSize);
        } 

        private void Init(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, int bufferSize) {
            this.stream = stream;
            this.encoding = encoding; 
            decoder = encoding.GetDecoder();
            if (bufferSize < MinBufferSize) bufferSize = MinBufferSize; 
            byteBuffer = new byte[bufferSize]; 
            _maxCharsPerBuffer = encoding.GetMaxCharCount(bufferSize);
            charBuffer = new char[_maxCharsPerBuffer]; 
            byteLen = 0;
            bytePos = 0;
            _detectEncoding = detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks;
            _preamble = encoding.GetPreamble(); 
            _checkPreamble = (_preamble.Length > 0);
            _isBlocked = false; 
            _closable = true; // ByDefault all streams are closable unless explicitly told otherwise 
        }
 
        public override void Close()
        {
            Dispose(true);
        } 

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) 
        { 
            // Dispose of our resources if this StreamReader is closable.
            // Note that Console.In should not be closable. 
            try {
                // Note that Stream.Close() can potentially throw here. So we need to
                // ensure cleaning up internal resources, inside the finally block.
                if (Closable && disposing && (stream != null)) 
                    stream.Close();
            } 
            finally { 
                if (Closable && (stream != null)) {
                    stream = null; 
                    encoding = null;
                    decoder = null;
                    byteBuffer = null;
                    charBuffer = null; 
                    charPos = 0;
                    charLen = 0; 
                    base.Dispose(disposing); 
                }
            } 
        }

        public virtual Encoding CurrentEncoding {
            get { return encoding; } 
        }
 
        public virtual Stream BaseStream { 
            get { return stream; }
        } 

        internal bool Closable {
            get { return _closable; }
            //set { _closable = value; } 
        }
 
        // DiscardBufferedData tells StreamReader to throw away its internal 
        // buffer contents.  This is useful if the user needs to seek on the
        // underlying stream to a known location then wants the StreamReader 
        // to start reading from this new point.  This method should be called
        // very sparingly, if ever, since it can lead to very poor performance.
        // However, it may be the only way of handling some scenarios where
        // users need to re-read the contents of a StreamReader a second time. 
        public void DiscardBufferedData() {
            byteLen = 0; 
            charLen = 0; 
            charPos = 0;
            decoder = encoding.GetDecoder(); 
            _isBlocked = false;
        }

        public bool EndOfStream { 
            get {
                if (stream == null) 
                    __Error.ReaderClosed(); 

                if (charPos < charLen) 
                    return false;

                // This may block on pipes!
                int numRead = ReadBuffer(); 
                return numRead == 0;
            } 
        } 

        public override int Peek() { 
            if (stream == null)
                __Error.ReaderClosed();

            if (charPos == charLen) { 
                if (_isBlocked || ReadBuffer() == 0) return -1;
            } 
            return charBuffer[charPos]; 
        }
 
        public override int Read() {
            if (stream == null)
                __Error.ReaderClosed();
 
            if (charPos == charLen) {
                if (ReadBuffer() == 0) return -1; 
            } 
            int result = charBuffer[charPos];
            charPos++; 
            return result;
        }

        public override int Read([In, Out] char[] buffer, int index, int count) { 
            if (stream == null)
                __Error.ReaderClosed(); 
            if (buffer==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer"));
            if (index < 0 || count < 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException((index < 0 ? "index" : "count"), Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum"));
            if (buffer.Length - index < count)
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidOffLen"));
 
            int charsRead = 0;
            // As a perf optimization, if we had exactly one buffer's worth of 
            // data read in, let's try writing directly to the user's buffer. 
            bool readToUserBuffer = false;
            while (count > 0) { 
                int n = charLen - charPos;
                if (n == 0) n = ReadBuffer(buffer, index + charsRead, count, out readToUserBuffer);
                if (n == 0) break;  // We're at EOF
                if (n > count) n = count; 
                if (!readToUserBuffer) {
                    Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(charBuffer, charPos * 2, buffer, (index + charsRead) * 2, n*2); 
                    charPos += n; 
                }
                charsRead += n; 
                count -= n;
                // This function shouldn't block for an indefinite amount of time,
                // or reading from a network stream won't work right.  If we got
                // fewer bytes than we requested, then we want to break right here. 
                if (_isBlocked)
                    break; 
            } 
            return charsRead;
        } 

        public override String ReadToEnd()
        {
            if (stream == null) 
                __Error.ReaderClosed();
 
            // Call ReadBuffer, then pull data out of charBuffer. 
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(charLen - charPos);
            do { 
                sb.Append(charBuffer, charPos, charLen - charPos);
                charPos = charLen;  // Note we consumed these characters
                ReadBuffer();
            } while (charLen > 0); 
            return sb.ToString();
        } 
 
        // Trims n bytes from the front of the buffer.
        private void CompressBuffer(int n) 
        {
            BCLDebug.Assert(byteLen >= n, "CompressBuffer was called with a number of bytes greater than the current buffer length.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?");
            Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(byteBuffer, n, byteBuffer, 0, byteLen - n);
            byteLen -= n; 
        }
 
        private void DetectEncoding() 
        {
            if (byteLen < 2) 
                return;
            _detectEncoding = false;
            bool changedEncoding = false;
            if (byteBuffer[0]==0xFE && byteBuffer[1]==0xFF) { 
                // Big Endian Unicode
 
                encoding = new UnicodeEncoding(true, true); 
                CompressBuffer(2);
                changedEncoding = true; 
            }
            else if (byteBuffer[0]==0xFF && byteBuffer[1]==0xFE) {
                // Little Endian Unicode, or possibly little endian UTF32
                if (byteLen >= 4 && byteBuffer[2] == 0 && byteBuffer[3] == 0) { 
                    encoding = new UTF32Encoding(false, true);
                    CompressBuffer(4); 
                } 
                else {
                    encoding = new UnicodeEncoding(false, true); 
                    CompressBuffer(2);
                }
                changedEncoding = true;
            } 
            else if (byteLen >= 3 && byteBuffer[0]==0xEF && byteBuffer[1]==0xBB && byteBuffer[2]==0xBF) {
                // UTF-8 
                encoding = Encoding.UTF8; 
                CompressBuffer(3);
                changedEncoding = true; 
            }
            else if (byteLen >= 4 && byteBuffer[0] == 0 && byteBuffer[1] == 0 &&
                     byteBuffer[2] == 0xFE && byteBuffer[3] == 0xFF) {
                // Big Endian UTF32 
                encoding = new UTF32Encoding(true, true);
                changedEncoding = true; 
            } 
            else if (byteLen == 2)
                _detectEncoding = true; 
            // Note: in the future, if we change this algorithm significantly,
            // we can support checking for the preamble of the given encoding.

            if (changedEncoding) { 
                decoder = encoding.GetDecoder();
                _maxCharsPerBuffer = encoding.GetMaxCharCount(byteBuffer.Length); 
                charBuffer = new char[_maxCharsPerBuffer]; 
            }
        } 

        // Trims the preamble bytes from the byteBuffer. This routine can be called multiple times
        // and we will buffer the bytes read until the preamble is matched or we determine that
        // there is no match. If there is no match, every byte read previously will be available 
        // for further consumption. If there is a match, we will compress the buffer for the
        // leading preamble bytes 
        private bool IsPreamble() 
        {
            if (!_checkPreamble) 
                return _checkPreamble;

            BCLDebug.Assert(bytePos <= _preamble.Length, "_compressPreamble was called with the current bytePos greater than the preamble buffer length.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?");
            int len = (byteLen >= (_preamble.Length))? (_preamble.Length - bytePos) : (byteLen  - bytePos); 

            for(int i=0; i= 0, "Stream.Read returned a negative number!  This is a bug in your stream class.");
 
                    if (len == 0) {
                        // EOF but we might have buffered bytes from previous 
                        // attempts to detecting preamble that needs to decoded now 
                        if (byteLen > 0)
                            charLen += decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, charBuffer, charLen); 

                        return charLen;
                    }
 
                    byteLen += len;
                } 
                else { 
                    BCLDebug.Assert(bytePos == 0, "bytePos can be non zero only when we are trying to _checkPreamble.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?");
                    byteLen = stream.Read(byteBuffer, 0, byteBuffer.Length); 
                    BCLDebug.Assert(byteLen >= 0, "Stream.Read returned a negative number!  This is a bug in your stream class.");

                    if (byteLen == 0)  // We're at EOF
                        return charLen; 
                }
 
                // _isBlocked == whether we read fewer bytes than we asked for. 
                // Note we must check it here because CompressBuffer or
                // DetectEncoding will ---- with byteLen. 
                _isBlocked = (byteLen < byteBuffer.Length);

                // Check for preamble before detect encoding. This is not to override the
                // user suppplied Encoding for the one we implicitly detect. The user could 
                // customize the encoding which we will loose, such as ThrowOnError on UTF8
                if (IsPreamble()) 
                    continue; 

                // If we're supposed to detect the encoding and haven't done so yet, 
                // do it.  Note this may need to be called more than once.
                if (_detectEncoding && byteLen >= 2)
                    DetectEncoding();
 
                charLen += decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, charBuffer, charLen);
            } while (charLen == 0); 
            //Console.WriteLine("ReadBuffer called.  chars: "+charLen); 
            return charLen;
        } 


        // This version has a perf optimization to decode data DIRECTLY into the
        // user's buffer, bypassing StreamWriter's own buffer. 
        // This gives a > 20% perf improvement for our encodings across the board,
        // but only when asking for at least the number of characters that one 
        // buffer's worth of bytes could produce. 
        // This optimization, if run, will break SwitchEncoding, so we must not do
        // this on the first call to ReadBuffer. 
        private int ReadBuffer(char[] userBuffer, int userOffset, int desiredChars, out bool readToUserBuffer) {
            charLen = 0;
            charPos = 0;
 
            if (!_checkPreamble)
                byteLen = 0; 
 
            int charsRead = 0;
 
            // As a perf optimization, we can decode characters DIRECTLY into a
            // user's char[].  We absolutely must not write more characters
            // into the user's buffer than they asked for.  Calculating
            // encoding.GetMaxCharCount(byteLen) each time is potentially very 
            // expensive - instead, cache the number of chars a full buffer's
            // worth of data may produce.  Yes, this makes the perf optimization 
            // less aggressive, in that all reads that asked for fewer than AND 
            // returned fewer than _maxCharsPerBuffer chars won't get the user
            // buffer optimization.  This affects reads where the end of the 
            // Stream comes in the middle somewhere, and when you ask for
            // fewer chars than than your buffer could produce.
            readToUserBuffer = desiredChars >= _maxCharsPerBuffer;
 
            do {
                if (_checkPreamble) { 
                    BCLDebug.Assert(bytePos <= _preamble.Length, "possible bug in _compressPreamble.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?"); 
                    int len = stream.Read(byteBuffer, bytePos, byteBuffer.Length - bytePos);
                    BCLDebug.Assert(len >= 0, "Stream.Read returned a negative number!  This is a bug in your stream class."); 

                    if (len == 0) {
                        // EOF but we might have buffered bytes from previous
                        // attempts to detecting preamble that needs to decoded now 
                        if (byteLen > 0) {
                            if (readToUserBuffer) { 
                                charsRead += decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, userBuffer, userOffset + charsRead); 
                                charLen = 0;  // StreamReader's buffer is empty.
                            } 
                            else {
                                charsRead = decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, charBuffer, charsRead);
                                charLen += charsRead;  // Number of chars in StreamReader's buffer.
                            } 
                        }
                        return charsRead; 
                    } 

                    byteLen += len; 
                }
                else {
                    BCLDebug.Assert(bytePos == 0, "bytePos can be non zero only when we are trying to _checkPreamble.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?");
                    byteLen = stream.Read(byteBuffer, 0, byteBuffer.Length); 
                    BCLDebug.Assert(byteLen >= 0, "Stream.Read returned a negative number!  This is a bug in your stream class.");
 
                    if (byteLen == 0)  // EOF 
                        return charsRead;
                } 

                // _isBlocked == whether we read fewer bytes than we asked for.
                // Note we must check it here because CompressBuffer or
                // DetectEncoding will ---- with byteLen. 
                _isBlocked = (byteLen < byteBuffer.Length);
 
                // Check for preamble before detect encoding. This is not to override the 
                // user suppplied Encoding for the one we implicitly detect. The user could
                // customize the encoding which we will loose, such as ThrowOnError on UTF8 
                // Note: we don't need to recompute readToUserBuffer optimization as IsPreamble
                // doesn't change the encoding or affect _maxCharsPerBuffer
                if (IsPreamble())
                    continue; 

                // On the first call to ReadBuffer, if we're supposed to detect the encoding, do it. 
                if (_detectEncoding && byteLen >= 2) { 
                    DetectEncoding();
                    // DetectEncoding changes some buffer state.  Recompute this. 
                    readToUserBuffer = desiredChars >= _maxCharsPerBuffer;
                }

                charPos = 0; 
                if (readToUserBuffer) {
                    charsRead += decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, userBuffer, userOffset + charsRead); 
                    charLen = 0;  // StreamReader's buffer is empty. 
                }
                else { 
                    charsRead = decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, charBuffer, charsRead);
                    charLen += charsRead;  // Number of chars in StreamReader's buffer.
                }
            } while (charsRead == 0); 

            _isBlocked &= charsRead < desiredChars; 
 
            //Console.WriteLine("ReadBuffer: charsRead: "+charsRead+"  readToUserBuffer: "+readToUserBuffer);
            return charsRead; 
        }


        // Reads a line. A line is defined as a sequence of characters followed by 
        // a carriage return ('\r'), a line feed ('\n'), or a carriage return
        // immediately followed by a line feed. The resulting string does not 
        // contain the terminating carriage return and/or line feed. The returned 
        // value is null if the end of the input stream has been reached.
        // 
        public override String ReadLine() {
            if (stream == null)
                __Error.ReaderClosed();
 
            if (charPos == charLen) {
                if (ReadBuffer() == 0) return null; 
            } 
            StringBuilder sb = null;
            do { 
                int i = charPos;
                do {
                    char ch = charBuffer[i];
                    // Note the following common line feed chars: 
                    // \n - UNIX   \r\n - DOS   \r - Mac
                    if (ch == '\r' || ch == '\n') { 
                        String s; 
                        if (sb != null) {
                            sb.Append(charBuffer, charPos, i - charPos); 
                            s = sb.ToString();
                        }
                        else {
                            s = new String(charBuffer, charPos, i - charPos); 
                        }
                        charPos = i + 1; 
                        if (ch == '\r' && (charPos < charLen || ReadBuffer() > 0)) { 
                            if (charBuffer[charPos] == '\n') charPos++;
                        } 
                        return s;
                    }
                    i++;
                } while (i < charLen); 
                i = charLen - charPos;
                if (sb == null) sb = new StringBuilder(i + 80); 
                sb.Append(charBuffer, charPos, i); 
            } while (ReadBuffer() > 0);
            return sb.ToString(); 
        }

        // No data, class doesn't need to be serializable.
        // Note this class is threadsafe. 
        private class NullStreamReader : StreamReader
        { 
            internal NullStreamReader() : base(Stream.Null, Encoding.Unicode, false, 1) 
            {
            } 

            public override Stream BaseStream {
                get { return Stream.Null; }
            } 

            public override Encoding CurrentEncoding { 
                get { return Encoding.Unicode; } 
            }
 
            protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
            {
                // Do nothing - this is essentially unclosable.
            } 

            public override int Peek() 
            { 
                return -1;
            } 

            public override int Read()
            {
                return -1; 
            }
 
            public override int Read(char[] buffer, int index, int count) { 
                return 0;
            } 

            public override String ReadLine() {
                return null;
            } 

            public override String ReadToEnd() 
            { 
                return String.Empty;
            } 
        }
    }
}

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.
// ==++== 
//
//   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//
// ==--== 
/*============================================================
** 
** Class:  StreamReader 
**
** 
** Purpose: For reading text from streams in a particular
** encoding.
**
** 
===========================================================*/
 
using System; 
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices; 
using System.Runtime.Versioning;

namespace System.IO {
    // This class implements a TextReader for reading characters to a Stream. 
    // This is designed for character input in a particular Encoding,
    // whereas the Stream class is designed for byte input and output. 
    // 
    [Serializable()]
    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)] 
    public class StreamReader : TextReader
    {
        // StreamReader.Null is threadsafe.
        public new static readonly StreamReader Null = new NullStreamReader(); 

        // Using a 1K byte buffer and a 4K FileStream buffer works out pretty well 
        // perf-wise.  On even a 40 MB text file, any perf loss by using a 4K 
        // buffer is negated by the win of allocating a smaller byte[], which
        // saves construction time.  This does break adaptive buffering, 
        // but this is slightly faster.
        internal const int DefaultBufferSize = 1024;  // Byte buffer size
        private const int DefaultFileStreamBufferSize = 4096;
        private const int MinBufferSize = 128; 

        private bool _closable;  // For Console.In. We should consider exposing a Closable bit perhaps on stream at some point. 
 
        private Stream stream;
        private Encoding encoding; 
        private Decoder decoder;
        private byte[] byteBuffer;
        private char[] charBuffer;
        private byte[] _preamble;   // Encoding's preamble, which identifies this encoding. 
        private int charPos;
        private int charLen; 
        // Record the number of valid bytes in the byteBuffer, for a few checks. 
        private int byteLen;
        // This is used only for preamble detection 
        private int bytePos;

        // This is the maximum number of chars we can get from one call to
        // ReadBuffer.  Used so ReadBuffer can tell when to copy data into 
        // a user's char[] directly, instead of our internal char[].
        private int _maxCharsPerBuffer; 
 
        // We will support looking for byte order marks in the stream and trying
        // to decide what the encoding might be from the byte order marks, IF they 
        // exist.  But that's all we'll do.
        private bool _detectEncoding;

        // Whether we must still check for the encoding's given preamble at the 
        // beginning of this file.
        private bool _checkPreamble; 
 
        // Whether the stream is most likely not going to give us back as much
        // data as we want the next time we call it.  We must do the computation 
        // before we do any byte order mark handling and save the result.  Note
        // that we need this to allow users to handle streams used for an
        // interactive protocol, where they block waiting for the remote end
        // to send a response, like logging in on a Unix machine. 
        private bool _isBlocked;
 
        // StreamReader by default will ignore illegal UTF8 characters. We don't want to 
        // throw here because we want to be able to read ill-formed data without choking.
        // The high level goal is to be tolerant of encoding errors when we read and very strict 
        // when we write. Hence, default StreamWriter encoding will throw on error.

        internal StreamReader() {
        } 

        public StreamReader(Stream stream) 
            : this(stream, true) { 
        }
 
        public StreamReader(Stream stream, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks)
            : this(stream, Encoding.UTF8, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, DefaultBufferSize) {
        }
 
        public StreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding)
            : this(stream, encoding, true, DefaultBufferSize) { 
        } 

        public StreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks) 
            : this(stream, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, DefaultBufferSize) {
        }

        // Creates a new StreamReader for the given stream.  The 
        // character encoding is set by encoding and the buffer size,
        // in number of 16-bit characters, is set by bufferSize. 
        // 
        // Note that detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks is a very
        // loose attempt at detecting the encoding by looking at the first 
        // 3 bytes of the stream.  It will recognize UTF-8, little endian
        // unicode, and big endian unicode text, but that's it.  If neither
        // of those three match, it will use the Encoding you provided.
        // 
        public StreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, int bufferSize)
        { 
            if (stream==null || encoding==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException((stream==null ? "stream" : "encoding"));
            if (!stream.CanRead) 
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_StreamNotReadable"));
            if (bufferSize <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("bufferSize", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedPosNum"));
 
            Init(stream, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, bufferSize);
        } 
 
        // For non closable streams such as Console.In
        internal StreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, int bufferSize, bool closable) 
            : this(stream, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, bufferSize) {
            _closable = closable;
        }
 
        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)] 
        public StreamReader(String path) 
            : this(path, true) {
        } 

        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        public StreamReader(String path, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks) 
            : this(path, Encoding.UTF8, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, DefaultBufferSize) {
        } 
 
        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)] 
        public StreamReader(String path, Encoding encoding)
            : this(path, encoding, true, DefaultBufferSize) {
        }
 
        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)] 
        public StreamReader(String path, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks) 
            : this(path, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, DefaultBufferSize) {
        } 

        [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)]
        public StreamReader(String path, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, int bufferSize) 
        {
            // Don't open a Stream before checking for invalid arguments, 
            // or we'll create a FileStream on disk and we won't close it until 
            // the finalizer runs, causing problems for applications.
            if (path==null || encoding==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException((path==null ? "path" : "encoding"));
            if (path.Length==0)
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_EmptyPath"));
            if (bufferSize <= 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("bufferSize", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedPosNum"));
 
            Stream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read, DefaultFileStreamBufferSize, FileOptions.SequentialScan); 
            Init(stream, encoding, detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, bufferSize);
        } 

        private void Init(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, int bufferSize) {
            this.stream = stream;
            this.encoding = encoding; 
            decoder = encoding.GetDecoder();
            if (bufferSize < MinBufferSize) bufferSize = MinBufferSize; 
            byteBuffer = new byte[bufferSize]; 
            _maxCharsPerBuffer = encoding.GetMaxCharCount(bufferSize);
            charBuffer = new char[_maxCharsPerBuffer]; 
            byteLen = 0;
            bytePos = 0;
            _detectEncoding = detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks;
            _preamble = encoding.GetPreamble(); 
            _checkPreamble = (_preamble.Length > 0);
            _isBlocked = false; 
            _closable = true; // ByDefault all streams are closable unless explicitly told otherwise 
        }
 
        public override void Close()
        {
            Dispose(true);
        } 

        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) 
        { 
            // Dispose of our resources if this StreamReader is closable.
            // Note that Console.In should not be closable. 
            try {
                // Note that Stream.Close() can potentially throw here. So we need to
                // ensure cleaning up internal resources, inside the finally block.
                if (Closable && disposing && (stream != null)) 
                    stream.Close();
            } 
            finally { 
                if (Closable && (stream != null)) {
                    stream = null; 
                    encoding = null;
                    decoder = null;
                    byteBuffer = null;
                    charBuffer = null; 
                    charPos = 0;
                    charLen = 0; 
                    base.Dispose(disposing); 
                }
            } 
        }

        public virtual Encoding CurrentEncoding {
            get { return encoding; } 
        }
 
        public virtual Stream BaseStream { 
            get { return stream; }
        } 

        internal bool Closable {
            get { return _closable; }
            //set { _closable = value; } 
        }
 
        // DiscardBufferedData tells StreamReader to throw away its internal 
        // buffer contents.  This is useful if the user needs to seek on the
        // underlying stream to a known location then wants the StreamReader 
        // to start reading from this new point.  This method should be called
        // very sparingly, if ever, since it can lead to very poor performance.
        // However, it may be the only way of handling some scenarios where
        // users need to re-read the contents of a StreamReader a second time. 
        public void DiscardBufferedData() {
            byteLen = 0; 
            charLen = 0; 
            charPos = 0;
            decoder = encoding.GetDecoder(); 
            _isBlocked = false;
        }

        public bool EndOfStream { 
            get {
                if (stream == null) 
                    __Error.ReaderClosed(); 

                if (charPos < charLen) 
                    return false;

                // This may block on pipes!
                int numRead = ReadBuffer(); 
                return numRead == 0;
            } 
        } 

        public override int Peek() { 
            if (stream == null)
                __Error.ReaderClosed();

            if (charPos == charLen) { 
                if (_isBlocked || ReadBuffer() == 0) return -1;
            } 
            return charBuffer[charPos]; 
        }
 
        public override int Read() {
            if (stream == null)
                __Error.ReaderClosed();
 
            if (charPos == charLen) {
                if (ReadBuffer() == 0) return -1; 
            } 
            int result = charBuffer[charPos];
            charPos++; 
            return result;
        }

        public override int Read([In, Out] char[] buffer, int index, int count) { 
            if (stream == null)
                __Error.ReaderClosed(); 
            if (buffer==null) 
                throw new ArgumentNullException("buffer", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentNull_Buffer"));
            if (index < 0 || count < 0) 
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException((index < 0 ? "index" : "count"), Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum"));
            if (buffer.Length - index < count)
                throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidOffLen"));
 
            int charsRead = 0;
            // As a perf optimization, if we had exactly one buffer's worth of 
            // data read in, let's try writing directly to the user's buffer. 
            bool readToUserBuffer = false;
            while (count > 0) { 
                int n = charLen - charPos;
                if (n == 0) n = ReadBuffer(buffer, index + charsRead, count, out readToUserBuffer);
                if (n == 0) break;  // We're at EOF
                if (n > count) n = count; 
                if (!readToUserBuffer) {
                    Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(charBuffer, charPos * 2, buffer, (index + charsRead) * 2, n*2); 
                    charPos += n; 
                }
                charsRead += n; 
                count -= n;
                // This function shouldn't block for an indefinite amount of time,
                // or reading from a network stream won't work right.  If we got
                // fewer bytes than we requested, then we want to break right here. 
                if (_isBlocked)
                    break; 
            } 
            return charsRead;
        } 

        public override String ReadToEnd()
        {
            if (stream == null) 
                __Error.ReaderClosed();
 
            // Call ReadBuffer, then pull data out of charBuffer. 
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(charLen - charPos);
            do { 
                sb.Append(charBuffer, charPos, charLen - charPos);
                charPos = charLen;  // Note we consumed these characters
                ReadBuffer();
            } while (charLen > 0); 
            return sb.ToString();
        } 
 
        // Trims n bytes from the front of the buffer.
        private void CompressBuffer(int n) 
        {
            BCLDebug.Assert(byteLen >= n, "CompressBuffer was called with a number of bytes greater than the current buffer length.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?");
            Buffer.InternalBlockCopy(byteBuffer, n, byteBuffer, 0, byteLen - n);
            byteLen -= n; 
        }
 
        private void DetectEncoding() 
        {
            if (byteLen < 2) 
                return;
            _detectEncoding = false;
            bool changedEncoding = false;
            if (byteBuffer[0]==0xFE && byteBuffer[1]==0xFF) { 
                // Big Endian Unicode
 
                encoding = new UnicodeEncoding(true, true); 
                CompressBuffer(2);
                changedEncoding = true; 
            }
            else if (byteBuffer[0]==0xFF && byteBuffer[1]==0xFE) {
                // Little Endian Unicode, or possibly little endian UTF32
                if (byteLen >= 4 && byteBuffer[2] == 0 && byteBuffer[3] == 0) { 
                    encoding = new UTF32Encoding(false, true);
                    CompressBuffer(4); 
                } 
                else {
                    encoding = new UnicodeEncoding(false, true); 
                    CompressBuffer(2);
                }
                changedEncoding = true;
            } 
            else if (byteLen >= 3 && byteBuffer[0]==0xEF && byteBuffer[1]==0xBB && byteBuffer[2]==0xBF) {
                // UTF-8 
                encoding = Encoding.UTF8; 
                CompressBuffer(3);
                changedEncoding = true; 
            }
            else if (byteLen >= 4 && byteBuffer[0] == 0 && byteBuffer[1] == 0 &&
                     byteBuffer[2] == 0xFE && byteBuffer[3] == 0xFF) {
                // Big Endian UTF32 
                encoding = new UTF32Encoding(true, true);
                changedEncoding = true; 
            } 
            else if (byteLen == 2)
                _detectEncoding = true; 
            // Note: in the future, if we change this algorithm significantly,
            // we can support checking for the preamble of the given encoding.

            if (changedEncoding) { 
                decoder = encoding.GetDecoder();
                _maxCharsPerBuffer = encoding.GetMaxCharCount(byteBuffer.Length); 
                charBuffer = new char[_maxCharsPerBuffer]; 
            }
        } 

        // Trims the preamble bytes from the byteBuffer. This routine can be called multiple times
        // and we will buffer the bytes read until the preamble is matched or we determine that
        // there is no match. If there is no match, every byte read previously will be available 
        // for further consumption. If there is a match, we will compress the buffer for the
        // leading preamble bytes 
        private bool IsPreamble() 
        {
            if (!_checkPreamble) 
                return _checkPreamble;

            BCLDebug.Assert(bytePos <= _preamble.Length, "_compressPreamble was called with the current bytePos greater than the preamble buffer length.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?");
            int len = (byteLen >= (_preamble.Length))? (_preamble.Length - bytePos) : (byteLen  - bytePos); 

            for(int i=0; i= 0, "Stream.Read returned a negative number!  This is a bug in your stream class.");
 
                    if (len == 0) {
                        // EOF but we might have buffered bytes from previous 
                        // attempts to detecting preamble that needs to decoded now 
                        if (byteLen > 0)
                            charLen += decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, charBuffer, charLen); 

                        return charLen;
                    }
 
                    byteLen += len;
                } 
                else { 
                    BCLDebug.Assert(bytePos == 0, "bytePos can be non zero only when we are trying to _checkPreamble.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?");
                    byteLen = stream.Read(byteBuffer, 0, byteBuffer.Length); 
                    BCLDebug.Assert(byteLen >= 0, "Stream.Read returned a negative number!  This is a bug in your stream class.");

                    if (byteLen == 0)  // We're at EOF
                        return charLen; 
                }
 
                // _isBlocked == whether we read fewer bytes than we asked for. 
                // Note we must check it here because CompressBuffer or
                // DetectEncoding will ---- with byteLen. 
                _isBlocked = (byteLen < byteBuffer.Length);

                // Check for preamble before detect encoding. This is not to override the
                // user suppplied Encoding for the one we implicitly detect. The user could 
                // customize the encoding which we will loose, such as ThrowOnError on UTF8
                if (IsPreamble()) 
                    continue; 

                // If we're supposed to detect the encoding and haven't done so yet, 
                // do it.  Note this may need to be called more than once.
                if (_detectEncoding && byteLen >= 2)
                    DetectEncoding();
 
                charLen += decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, charBuffer, charLen);
            } while (charLen == 0); 
            //Console.WriteLine("ReadBuffer called.  chars: "+charLen); 
            return charLen;
        } 


        // This version has a perf optimization to decode data DIRECTLY into the
        // user's buffer, bypassing StreamWriter's own buffer. 
        // This gives a > 20% perf improvement for our encodings across the board,
        // but only when asking for at least the number of characters that one 
        // buffer's worth of bytes could produce. 
        // This optimization, if run, will break SwitchEncoding, so we must not do
        // this on the first call to ReadBuffer. 
        private int ReadBuffer(char[] userBuffer, int userOffset, int desiredChars, out bool readToUserBuffer) {
            charLen = 0;
            charPos = 0;
 
            if (!_checkPreamble)
                byteLen = 0; 
 
            int charsRead = 0;
 
            // As a perf optimization, we can decode characters DIRECTLY into a
            // user's char[].  We absolutely must not write more characters
            // into the user's buffer than they asked for.  Calculating
            // encoding.GetMaxCharCount(byteLen) each time is potentially very 
            // expensive - instead, cache the number of chars a full buffer's
            // worth of data may produce.  Yes, this makes the perf optimization 
            // less aggressive, in that all reads that asked for fewer than AND 
            // returned fewer than _maxCharsPerBuffer chars won't get the user
            // buffer optimization.  This affects reads where the end of the 
            // Stream comes in the middle somewhere, and when you ask for
            // fewer chars than than your buffer could produce.
            readToUserBuffer = desiredChars >= _maxCharsPerBuffer;
 
            do {
                if (_checkPreamble) { 
                    BCLDebug.Assert(bytePos <= _preamble.Length, "possible bug in _compressPreamble.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?"); 
                    int len = stream.Read(byteBuffer, bytePos, byteBuffer.Length - bytePos);
                    BCLDebug.Assert(len >= 0, "Stream.Read returned a negative number!  This is a bug in your stream class."); 

                    if (len == 0) {
                        // EOF but we might have buffered bytes from previous
                        // attempts to detecting preamble that needs to decoded now 
                        if (byteLen > 0) {
                            if (readToUserBuffer) { 
                                charsRead += decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, userBuffer, userOffset + charsRead); 
                                charLen = 0;  // StreamReader's buffer is empty.
                            } 
                            else {
                                charsRead = decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, charBuffer, charsRead);
                                charLen += charsRead;  // Number of chars in StreamReader's buffer.
                            } 
                        }
                        return charsRead; 
                    } 

                    byteLen += len; 
                }
                else {
                    BCLDebug.Assert(bytePos == 0, "bytePos can be non zero only when we are trying to _checkPreamble.  Are two threads using this StreamReader at the same time?");
                    byteLen = stream.Read(byteBuffer, 0, byteBuffer.Length); 
                    BCLDebug.Assert(byteLen >= 0, "Stream.Read returned a negative number!  This is a bug in your stream class.");
 
                    if (byteLen == 0)  // EOF 
                        return charsRead;
                } 

                // _isBlocked == whether we read fewer bytes than we asked for.
                // Note we must check it here because CompressBuffer or
                // DetectEncoding will ---- with byteLen. 
                _isBlocked = (byteLen < byteBuffer.Length);
 
                // Check for preamble before detect encoding. This is not to override the 
                // user suppplied Encoding for the one we implicitly detect. The user could
                // customize the encoding which we will loose, such as ThrowOnError on UTF8 
                // Note: we don't need to recompute readToUserBuffer optimization as IsPreamble
                // doesn't change the encoding or affect _maxCharsPerBuffer
                if (IsPreamble())
                    continue; 

                // On the first call to ReadBuffer, if we're supposed to detect the encoding, do it. 
                if (_detectEncoding && byteLen >= 2) { 
                    DetectEncoding();
                    // DetectEncoding changes some buffer state.  Recompute this. 
                    readToUserBuffer = desiredChars >= _maxCharsPerBuffer;
                }

                charPos = 0; 
                if (readToUserBuffer) {
                    charsRead += decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, userBuffer, userOffset + charsRead); 
                    charLen = 0;  // StreamReader's buffer is empty. 
                }
                else { 
                    charsRead = decoder.GetChars(byteBuffer, 0, byteLen, charBuffer, charsRead);
                    charLen += charsRead;  // Number of chars in StreamReader's buffer.
                }
            } while (charsRead == 0); 

            _isBlocked &= charsRead < desiredChars; 
 
            //Console.WriteLine("ReadBuffer: charsRead: "+charsRead+"  readToUserBuffer: "+readToUserBuffer);
            return charsRead; 
        }


        // Reads a line. A line is defined as a sequence of characters followed by 
        // a carriage return ('\r'), a line feed ('\n'), or a carriage return
        // immediately followed by a line feed. The resulting string does not 
        // contain the terminating carriage return and/or line feed. The returned 
        // value is null if the end of the input stream has been reached.
        // 
        public override String ReadLine() {
            if (stream == null)
                __Error.ReaderClosed();
 
            if (charPos == charLen) {
                if (ReadBuffer() == 0) return null; 
            } 
            StringBuilder sb = null;
            do { 
                int i = charPos;
                do {
                    char ch = charBuffer[i];
                    // Note the following common line feed chars: 
                    // \n - UNIX   \r\n - DOS   \r - Mac
                    if (ch == '\r' || ch == '\n') { 
                        String s; 
                        if (sb != null) {
                            sb.Append(charBuffer, charPos, i - charPos); 
                            s = sb.ToString();
                        }
                        else {
                            s = new String(charBuffer, charPos, i - charPos); 
                        }
                        charPos = i + 1; 
                        if (ch == '\r' && (charPos < charLen || ReadBuffer() > 0)) { 
                            if (charBuffer[charPos] == '\n') charPos++;
                        } 
                        return s;
                    }
                    i++;
                } while (i < charLen); 
                i = charLen - charPos;
                if (sb == null) sb = new StringBuilder(i + 80); 
                sb.Append(charBuffer, charPos, i); 
            } while (ReadBuffer() > 0);
            return sb.ToString(); 
        }

        // No data, class doesn't need to be serializable.
        // Note this class is threadsafe. 
        private class NullStreamReader : StreamReader
        { 
            internal NullStreamReader() : base(Stream.Null, Encoding.Unicode, false, 1) 
            {
            } 

            public override Stream BaseStream {
                get { return Stream.Null; }
            } 

            public override Encoding CurrentEncoding { 
                get { return Encoding.Unicode; } 
            }
 
            protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
            {
                // Do nothing - this is essentially unclosable.
            } 

            public override int Peek() 
            { 
                return -1;
            } 

            public override int Read()
            {
                return -1; 
            }
 
            public override int Read(char[] buffer, int index, int count) { 
                return 0;
            } 

            public override String ReadLine() {
                return null;
            } 

            public override String ReadToEnd() 
            { 
                return String.Empty;
            } 
        }
    }
}

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.

                        

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